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Flashcards in Classical conditioning Deck (14)
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1
Q

How is it defined?

A

As learning through assosiation

2
Q

What does this conditioning assume?

A

That learning is passive and based on reflexes that all organisms have

3
Q

Example of a reflex?

A

blowing in someone’s eye causing them to blink

4
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

A

Anything that naturally has the power to produce a response in an organism and so It does not need to be learned

5
Q

What is an unconditioned response?

A

A natural reflex response to an unconditioned stimulus which again is not learnt

6
Q

What is a neutral stimulus?

A

No natural potential to cause a reflex response before being paired with the unconditioned stimulus

7
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A

Stimulus that brings about a response as a result of repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus

8
Q

What is a conditioned response?

A
  • A response that occurs when the conditioned stimulus is present
  • You have to repeatedly pair the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus to consistently get the desired response
  • After a number of pairings the neutral stimulus will cause the response on its own and the response could be referred to as the conditioned response
9
Q

What is extinction?

A

When the occurrences of a conditioned response decrease or disappear
-This can happen when the CS is not longer paired with the UCS

10
Q

What is spontaneous recovery?

A

After extinction a brief return of the CR could appear in a weakened form which makes reconditioning much easier

11
Q

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

A

Man who experimented with dogs where he paired the NS which was a buzzer with food which was the UCS

  • The buzzer was played at the same time the food was presented
  • Eventually presentation of the buzzer on its own caused the same response as the food and the dogs would salivate which was the CR
12
Q

How has it been applied to humans to show how certain behaviours are learnt?

A

Phobias can be explained such as a person may have a phobia of a horse because they once had a frightening experience and now they associate horses with the frightening experience

13
Q

What is generalisation?

A

such as the learner generalising the response from the buzzer to the bell and showing the CR to both

14
Q

What is discrimination?

A

When the learner only shows the CR to one particular stimulus such as responding to the bell not the buzzer