Classical Theory Flashcards
(316 cards)
1
Q
What is the polychord formula for dom7 chords
A
VImaj over R7
2
Q
What is the maj7 polychord formula
A
Vmaj over Rmaj7
3
Q
what is the minor7 polychord formula
A
V- over R-7
bVIImaj over Rmaj7
4
Q
What is the polychord formula for substitute dominant chords
A
IImaj over R7
5
Q
What is the formula for Maj diatonic poly chords
A
Vmaj over R6 or Rmaj7
6
Q
What is the formula for Lydian polychords and major modal interchange
A
IImaj over Rmaj7
7
Q
How to build poly chords with III-7 and VII-7(b5)
A
Replicate the chord tones in the upper structure and add T9
8
Q
What is the best polychord for Imaj7
A
A triad built on the 5th degree of the Ionian scale
9
Q
What is the most effect polychord for IVmaj7
A
A triad built on scale degree 2
10
Q
What are the bass rules for selecting upper structure chords
A
No harmonic avoid notes and at least one tension
11
Q
What is an indirect resolution
A
The result of two unprepared approach tones, the lower and then the upper neighbors tones (or the reverse) preceding a target tone.
12
Q
What is a neighbor tone
A
An approach tone that leaves the target tone by step and returns to the same note.
13
Q
What is a passing tone
A
An approach tone that leaves a target by step and resolves by step, filling the gap of a third.
14
Q
What is an Unprepared Approach tone
A
“Free neighbor tone”
An approach tone that comes after silence or a melodic leap and then resolves by step to a target tone.
15
Q
What is a related II chord
A
It. is a -7 chord that “matches” a dominant 7 chord according to the II-V relationship.
16
Q
What chord tone does the Tb13 replace when used in a a chord?
A
The 5th
17
Q
What is another term for stepwise motion
A
Conjunct motion
18
Q
What are the scale degrees of a 6 chord
A
1 3 5 6
19
Q
What are the Dominant function chords in a minor key
A
V-
20
Q
Name the Dub Dominant function chords
A
II-. IV, VIIdim
21
Q
Name the Tonic function chords
A
I, III-, VI-
22
Q
Name the first 7 scale degrees of the overtone series
A
Tonic, tonic, 5th, tonic, 3rd, 5th, 7th, tonic
23
Q
Describe a basic Rock groove
A
Cymbal - even 8ths
Snare on 2 & 4
Kick on 1 & 3
24
Q
Describe Oblique Motion
A
One note remains stationary
On note moves
25
What are the intervals used to build a Minor(Maj7) chord
A major7th over a minor triad
26
Which intervals can be perfect?
Unison, 4th, 5th, Octave
27
Define the Ionian mode
Ionian is the first mode. It is a major scale.
28
Define SubMetrical
Target tones come on beat.
| Approach tones come on the off beats.
29
Define Supermetrical
Target notes coincide with the stronger beat 1
| Approach notes come on the weaker beat 3
30
Define Metrical level
All notes coincide with the beats in the meter
Target tones fall on strong beats
Approach tones fall on weak beats
31
What is the quality of an approach tone
An approach tone may be any note of the chromatic scale. The most dissonant are often the. briefest duration.
32
What is the quality of a target note.
Always a chord tone or available tension.
33
What is a Melodic Interval
Notes played separately
34
What are the intervals used to build a Dominant7 chord
A minor 7th over a major triad
35
What intervals are avoided in Traditional Voice Leading
Parallel octaves, 4th, and 5ths
36
D Major/B Minor
2 Sharps - F, C
37
Where is the dynamic placed in vocal music
Above the staff
38
How many steps to build a major 5th
3w + 1h
| 7h
39
What chromatic melody note do you love?
#5
40
How does Lydian "feel"
Magical, wondrous, 90's movie theme.
41
3rd Inversion
7th in the bass
42
Db Major
5 flats
| B, E, A, D, G
43
How many 16th notes are beamed together
4
44
What is heterophonic harmony?
Melody + embellished melody
45
What scale degrees are used to build a Minor(Maj7) Chord
1. b3, 5, 7
46
What intervals are used to build a Sus2 chord
A major second and a perfect 5th
47
What scale degrees are used to build a minor 6 chord
1, b3, 5, 6
48
What intervals are used to build a minor6 chord
A major 6th over a minor triad
49
What are the rules for placing accidentals on chords
When the top and bottom notes are less than an octave apart place accidentals as such
Top closest, then bottom, then middle
50
How is the pentatonic scale made
By removing notes that create half steps
51
What is close position
When the distance between the bottom and top notes id less than a Maj7
52
Symbol for an open hi hat
o
53
What scale degrees are used to build a Dom7 chord
1, 3, 5, b7
54
What is a plagal cadence
A resolution of
II- to I
or
IV to I
also known as an amen cadence.
55
What is the characteristic pitch of Minor
b6
56
What is the purpose of tone music
To create a sense of Tonality. TO be able to hear where 1 is
57
What is a Jazz half Cadence
A Jazz Cadence that ends on V7 ie
VI-7 to III- to II-2 to V
V is preceded by II
58
How is a Jazz cadence unique
It is similar to an authentic cadence except the V7 is preceded by II-7
59
What is composite minor
A minor scale made up of Dorian, Harmonic, and half melodic minor to create a scale with scale degrees
1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, Nat6, b7, Nat7
60
Ab Major
4 Flats
| B, E, A, D
61
In figured bass when you only see a 6
1st inversion
62
What intervals are used to build an augmented triad
A major 3rd and an augmented 5th
63
In figured bass when you see no numbers
Root position
64
What intervals are used to build a minor triad
A minor 3rd beneath a major 3rd
65
What scale degrees are used to build a minor 7 chord
1, b3. 5. b7
66
What intervals are used to build an augmented triad
two major 3rds
67
Which intervals are imperfect
Maj 3rd, maj 6th, major 2nd, Maj 7th
68
2nd Inversion
5th in the bass
69
What intervals are used to build a major 6 chord
A major 6th above a major triad
70
Diatonic 7 chords (Major)
I maj7, II-7, III-7, IVmaj7, V7, VI-7, VII-7(b5)
71
What intervals are used to build a diminished triad
A diminished 5th on top of a minor 3rd
72
What intervals are used to build a major 7 chord
A major triad with a major 7th on top
73
Root position
Root in bass
74
What 2 alteration are written affect the 7th
Sus4 and Flat 5
75
Order of Modes
Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian
76
Diatonic Scale Degree names
Tonic, Supertonioc, Mediant, SubDominant, Dominant, SubMediant, Leading Tone
77
What intervals are used to build a Sus4 chord
A perfect 4th and a perfect 5th
78
Major scale chords
Maj, Min, Min, Maj, Maj, Min, Dim,
79
What pitch defines the major key as major
4
80
How do you find the relative minor
It is built on the 6th degree of the source major scale
81
What number do you add to the scale degree to find the compound interval?
7
2+7 = 9
2+3 = 10
Etc.
82
Sub dominant function chords in Minor
II-7(b5), II-7, IV-7, IV7, VI-6, bVImaj7, bVII7
83
Retardation
A suspension that resolves upward instead of downward
84
What other non chord tone is a retardation similar to
A suspension.
Both have a setup, dissonance, and resolution. Suspension resolves down, retardation resolves up.
85
Appoggiatura
Nonharmonic tones that are approached by leap and resolved by step
86
Do appoggiatura typically fall on a strong or a weak beat.
Strong
87
Does the Appoggiatura resolved up or down
Either
88
What is an escape tone
A non harmonic tone that is approached by step and left by leap.
89
What are the non harmonic tones in classical theory
Any note not in the core triad
90
What position is the secondary VIIdim found in and why
Usually first inversion to avoid parallel motion
91
In Sb2 and Sb6 what does "s" stand for?
It stands for "scale degree" it is not referred to as A tension because it changes the function of the chord.
92
Define Passing Tone
A note that connects two chord tones and moves stepwise between them
93
What else is the 4 part writing referred to as
SATB
| Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass
94
How many diatonic secondary dominants are there in a major key
5
| II-VI
95
When moving left around the circle of 5ths what scale degree is each progressive flat added to?
The 7th scale degree
96
p
Soft
| Piano
97
Harmonic Minor scale
1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, 7Nat
98
In a II-V what chord quality can you use on a II chord if the target chord is III- or VI-
-7(b5)
Because the target chord is minor a "tonicized" III- or VI- would expect a -7(b5) II chord
99
Minor formula
b3, b6, b7
W, H, W, W, H, W, W
100
What chord tone does the Tb9 replace when it is voiced in a chord
The root
The root should be added by the left hand in the piano or with another bass instrument
101
MF
Moderatley Loud
| Mezzo Forte
102
pp
Very Soft
| Pianissimo
103
Harmonic Weight
The degree to which a chord wants to resolve based on its relativity to the tonal center
104
What scale degrees are used to build a Diminished 7 chord.
1, b3, b5, bb7
105
How do you label chromatic notes
Sharp going u, flat going down
106
F minor
4 b
B, E, A, D
107
Minor Pentatonic formula
1, b3, 4, 5, b7
108
Which secondary dominant must be played as a 7 chord
V7/V without the 7th it is the one chord
109
What scale degrees are used to build an Aug(Maj7) chord
1, 3, #5, 7
110
Tonic chords in minor
I-, bIIImaj, VIMaj
111
What are the two most common deceptive resolutions
V7 to VI-
| V7 to III-
112
G minor
2 b's
| B, E
113
B Maj
5 Sharps
F, C, G, B, E
114
Gb Major
6 flats
B, E, A, D, G, F
115
Bb Major
2 flats
B, E
116
B minor
2 sharps
F, C
117
Why can't a triad "add 13"
Because doing so makes it a 6th chord. You need a 7th for a 6th to be a 13th
118
How man steps in a major 3rd
2 whole steps
119
What intervals are used to build a major triad
a major 3 beneath a minor 3rd
120
Which tonic minor chord needs special consideration in its placement
bIII it is the I chord in the relative major
121
What is the characteristic pitch of the natural minor scale
Sb6
122
What kind of 5th is used in a subdominant 7th chord
Perfect
123
Describe a basic Bossa Nova groove
Cymbal - Even 8ths
Snare - Clave rhythm
Kick - 1, +of2, 3, +of4
124
E minor
1 sharp
F
125
D major
2 Sharps
F, C
126
D minor
1 b
B
127
Suspension
Hold a note from the previous chord allowing it to become a dissonance on the target chord before resolving
128
Anticipation (non chord tones)
A note in the chord that is played before the chord sounds
129
Major 3rd in steps
4 Half steps
or
2 whole steps
130
In figured bass when you only see a note
Root position
131
What intervals are used to build an Augmented 7th chord
An augmented triad with a major 7th
132
What scale degrees are used to build a major 7th chord
1, 3, 5, 7
133
Define Tritone
Aug 4th, Dim5th
3 whole steps
134
Lydian
Lydian is the 4th mode
It is a major scale with a raised 4th
Think of it as super major
135
Locrian
Locrian is a the 7th mode
It is a minor scale with a flat 2 and a flat 5
136
What is the name of a cadence that fulfills a listeners expectation
Authentic Cadence
V to I
or
V- to I-
137
What is a hard cadence
A chord progression that ENDS on V
138
What is a plagal half cadence
A progression that ends on II- or IV
139
What are the tensions for secondary dominants that resolve to minor chords
Tb9. Tb13
140
What is an accented passing tone
A passing tone that falls on a strong beat
141
What are the tensions of the secondary dominants that resolve to major chords
T9, T13
142
Core chords for sub dominant modal interchange
II-7(b5), IV-7 (IV-6), bVIImaj, bVII7
143
Neighbor Tone
A neighbor tone moves away from a chord tone by step and then returns to the chord tone
144
Pick Up Not (Bass)
A short duration note that "shows off" the longer duration note that it precedes.
145
What is a "II-V" and how is it analyzed
It is a specific cadence where II-7 resolves to V7
AND
Where II-7 lands on a strong beat and V7 lands on a weak beat. It is analyzed with a bracket.
146
What scale does the Min(Maj7) chord come from
Harmonic Minor
147
Symbol for closed HiHat
+
148
Voice Leading Steps (7 Chords)
1. Move the root of the chord to the root do the target chord.
2. Resolve the 7th down stepwise unless the 7th is a chord tone of the target chord.
3. If the leading tone is in the top or bottom voice it should move up to the tonic of the key.
149
G Major
1 Sharp
F
150
C Major
No sharps/No Flats
151
A Minor
No sharps/No Flats
152
A Major
3 Sharps
F. C. G
153
F Major
1 Flat
B
154
D Minor
1 Flat
B
155
Cb Major
7 Flats
156
F# Major
6 Sharps
F, C, G, D, A, E
157
Similar Motion
Same direction, different intervals
158
When a chord has 2 notes 1 step apart where does the second note go?
On the right
159
Aeolian
Aeolian is the 6th mode
| It is a natural minor scale
160
How do you determine the Relative Major of a given minor Key
The 3rd degree of the source minor scale.
161
F
Loud
| Forte
162
Which chord tones are the guide tones
The 3rd and 7th
163
What scale degrees are used to build an Aug7 chord
1, 3, #5, b7
164
What are the diatonic chord in Minor
Minor, Diminished, Major, Minor, Minor, Major, Major, Minor
165
Contrary Motion
Different Direction
166
Dorian
Dorian is the second mode
| It is a minor scale with a raised 6th
167
What is another term for non stepwise motion
Disjunct motion
168
1st inversion
3rd in Bass
169
If the notes in a chord are equidistant from the center line which direction does the stem go
Down
170
What is the quality of a 6th when added to a triad
Always Major
171
What intervals are used to build a Minor 7 chord
A minor triad and a minor 7th
172
How many steps in a minor 3rd
3 half steps
173
Quick trick to identify inversion on the staff
The top note of the 2nd is usually the root (not always)
174
Where is the dynamic marking placed in instrumental music
Under the note
175
When moving around the circle of 5ths what scale degree is each progressive sharp added to
The 4th
176
What is a harmonic interval
two notes placed simultaneously
177
What is Parallel motion
Same direction
| Same Interval
178
E Major
4 Sharps
| F, C, G, D
179
E minor
1 Sharp
| F
180
Eb Major
3 Flats
| B, E, A
181
D minor
1 Flat
182
F Major
1 Flat
183
What scale degrees are used to build a Dom7(Sus4) Chord
1, 4, 5, b7
184
Diatonic 7 chords (Minor)
1-7, II-7(b5), bIIIMAJ, IV-7, V-7, bVIMAJ7, bVII7
185
Tonic function chords in a minor key
I-, bIII
186
3 Part Close vs 4 Part close voice leading
3 Part - 3rd, 5th, 7th are in the right hand with an independent root in the bass
4 Part - root, 3rd, 5th, 7th, in the right hand with an independent root in the bass
187
FF
Very Loud
| Fortissimo
188
Phrygian
Phrygian is the 3rd mode
| It is a natural minor scale with a lowered 2nd
189
Major scale step formula
WWHWWWH
190
What is the interval between a V7 chord and it’s related II
The related II is a perfect 5th above the V7
191
How do you find the SubV
It is a Tritone away from the V7 (it is also a half step above the target chord)
192
What are the 4 possible relationships of the related II
Diatonic related II to the Diatonic V7
Diatonic related II to to the SubV
Related II of SubV to the SubV
Related II of the SubV to the Diatonic V7
193
How is a SubV to I resolution analyzed
Dotted line arroe
194
Which related II chords are not analyzed with a Bracket
Related II of SubV/III (Heard as I-)
| Related II of SubV/VI (Heard as IV-)
195
How do you find the diatonic chord scale of a given chord.
Stack the chord tones in 3rd and put the notes of the key between them.
196
What are the noted in altered dominant scale
1, Tb9, T#9, 3, b5, Tb13, b7, 1
197
Why is the altered dominant scale the source for the SubV
It contains the notes of the primary dominant AND the substitute dominant
198
How do you build a Lydian b7 Scale
Reorder the altered dominant scale from the b5
199
What tensions are available in Lydian b7
9, #11, 13
200
Which SubV’s can take advantage of the Lydian b7
SubV/I, SubV/IV, SubV/V
201
What is unique about V7/VI
SubV/VI is the bVII chord in a major key
It functions best as a short duration chord interpolated between V7/VI and VI-
202
Why is SubV/III confusing
It is the only SubV with a diatonic root
In it’s triad if form it is a subdominant chord
203
What is a SubV chord
1. A dominant chord that shares the same 3rd and 7th as the diatonic Dom7
2. The Tritons is inverted in the SubV
3. The root of the SubV is a tritone away from the original V7 (Or a half step above the target chord)
4. Watch out for enharmonic chord spelling
204
What is an interpolated chord
A chord “stuck between” two other chords
205
What direction to tritones traditionally resolve
Inward
206
Additional chord choices for deceptive resolution of secondary dominants (stepwise deception)
V7/VI to bIII
V7/III to bVII
V7/V to bII
207
What is the V7/II
VI7
208
What is V7/III
VII7
209
What is V7/IV
I7
210
What is the V7/V
II7
211
What is V7/VI
III7
212
3 Types of deceptive resolution
1. Resolution to unexpected chord quality
A7 to D7 vs A7 to D-
2. Resolution by step
V7/VI to IV or V7/VI to II-
213
How is an extended dominant series analyzed
Arrows indicate resolution
| Chord that starts the series is labeled as a reference to tonal cente4r
214
Define and extended dominant series
A string of 3 or more Dom7 chords that start on a strong harmonic stress point, and resolved one to the next by descending perfect 5th root motion.
215
What are the most consonant of the tensions
Tensions that are a major 9th above the the note of the primary triad
216
Poco A Poco
Gradual crescendo or decrescendo
217
Sforzando
| SFZ
Used when a note or chord should have a sudden, strong, empahsis
218
Listresso Tempo
“Same Tempo”
| When there is a change in meter but the temp stays the same
219
Rubato
Suspend the beat
220
Accelerando
Speeds up/Faster
221
Rotary
Slowing
222
Guide tone movement root motion in 3rds and 6ths
3rd of first become 3rd of second
| 7th of first becomes 7th of second
223
Guide tone movement root motion in 2nds and 7ths
Guide tones move in parallel
224
Guide tone movement Root motion in P4 or P5
The 3rd of the firs becomes the 7th of the second
| The 7th of the first becomes the 3rd of the second
225
Largo
Very Slow
226
Larghetto
Slow
227
Adagio
Moderately Slow
228
Andante
Walking Tempo
229
Moderato
Moderately Fast
230
Allegro
Fast
231
Presto
Very Fast
232
Presstissimo
Very Very Fast
233
Define A Hybrid Chord
A root note with a chord whose other notes are made up of upper chord tones and tensions. no 3rd.
234
How do you analyze hybrid chords
The same way you analyze it’s counterpart with a 3rd.
235
How do you group together things in compound meter
Group in 3’s
236
What Modal Interchange chords are taken from Phrygian
bIIMaj7
237
2 Main differences between classical and contemporary analysis
1. In traditional analysis the numbers replaced below the staff in contemporary they are placed above.
2. In traditional minor chords use lower case numbers and -7(b5) is called half-diminished.
238
What makes a pitch an approach note
Must resolve by step
Usually placed on a weak stress
Is usually an 8th note or less
239
What re duple, triple, and quadruple meter
Meters where the pulse is felt in 2, 3, and 4 respectively
240
How do you know where to place the imaginary bar line
between each pulse
241
Where can you place quarter note rests in 6/8
Beats 1 and 4. if it is on 2 or 5 it must be a pair of eigth rests
242
What is an inverted motif
A melody where the notes move the same interval but the opposite direction
243
What modal interchange chords are taken from Dorian
I-7, bIIImaj7
244
What is a good rule of thumb for imaginary bar line usage
You need to see something under each pulse.
Specially 1 & 3 in simple
1 & 4 in compound
245
What is one strange quirk of notating compound meter
If you have an 8 note followed by a quarter rent it must be notated as two 8th rests
246
How do you know how to beam a given subdivision
All notes the fall under one pulse are beamed together
247
How is a 9th chord in classical harmony different from a modern 9th chord
In classical harmony a 7th is not added to the chord unless it is indicated
248
What is the name of the suspension that resolves up instead of down
Retardation suspension
249
Define passing tone
A note that connects 2 notes that are a third apart
250
2 most typical line cliches in minor (bass)
1. Diatonic descent from tonic to dominant
| 2. Chromatic descent from tonic to dominant
251
What is an inverted motif
A motif that begins on the same root but moves to the next note in the opposite direction using the same interval as the original.
252
What modal interchange chords are taken from mixolydian
V-7, bVIImaj7
253
What are the 4 most common borrowed chord deceptive resolutions
bIIImaj7, bVImaj7, bIImaj7, bVIImaj7
254
How is borrowed chord deceptive resolutions analyzed
V or V7 is placed in parenthesis to show it is not resolving to the I
255
Strophic Form
A one section repeating verse form where the music remains the same and new verse are sung to an unchain melody
256
How to analyze approach notes (passing tones)
Approacxh tones are circled
The other notes are labeled according to the notes relationship to the chord with which it is played
257
Define neighbor tones
Neighbor tones are notes that move one step away from the starting note and return to the pitch of the starting note
258
What is the difference between simple and compound meter
The pulse
259
How is the pulse different between simple and compound meter
Simple is divisible by 2 as in
1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
Compound is divisible by 3
123 123 123 (waltz)
260
How do you know which number is the root in figured bass
It is the newest number to have changed
261
What is a line cliche
A line cliche is a stepwise line (either ascending or descending) that moves against a single stationary chord
262
What is a retrograde motif
Playing the original motif in reverse. Usually maintaining the same rhythm
263
What is a Neapolitan 6th
It is a bII chord traditional played almost exclusively in 1st inversion
264
What is a repetition motif
When a motif is replayed immediately using the same pitches and rhythm
265
How to voice lead N6 to V
Double the bass of the N6
Move the root (b2) to the 3rd of the V chord
Move the remaining tones to the nearest chord tone
Double the root of the V chord to avoid parallel 5ths
266
What modal interchange chords are taken from natural minor
II-7(b5), IV-7, bVImaj7, bVII7
267
In classical music how do you set up a suspension
The suspension is expected to be prepared by being part of the previous chord
268
In figured bass what chord tone is replaces when a 5 is shown, alone or with a 7
the 3rd
269
Rules for figured bass accidentals
An accidental without numbers always indicates the 3rd of the chord
An accidental following a number alters the note referred to by that number
A chord without a number is a root position triad
270
What modal interchange chords are taken from melodic minor
I-(maj7), I-6, IV7
271
What is the simple definition of a Neapolitan 6th chord
A flat 2 chord with the 3rd in the bass
272
Augmented 6 definition
The distance of six letter names inclusive. An exact distance of 10 half steps.
273
What is the source chord of the Italian 6th chord
IV chord in first inversion
274
What steps are taken to build an Italian 6th chord
1. begin with a IV chord
2. Put it in 1st inversion
3. Move the bass note down a half step
4. Move the top note up a 1/2 step
5. Both top and bottom notes move another hand step to arrive at the same note an octave apart.
275
How is an Italian 6th different in minor
In minor only the root of the IV chord is altered
276
How do you construct a German aug 6th (major Key)
1. Begin w/ II-7
2. Put it in second inversion
3. Bass moves down a 1/2 step
4. Root and 3rd move up a 1/2 step
5. All notes continue in the same direction
277
How do you construct a German 6th chord (minor key)
1. Begin with IV-7 chord
2. Put it in 1st inversion
3. Raise root
4. Share move up flats move down
278
How do you construct a French augmented 6th chord
1. Begin with a II-7
2. Put it in second inversion
3. Lower the bass, raise the top note
4. The root stays in place
279
How do Tchaikovsky think of the French augment 6
Dominant 7th chord in 2nd inversion W/ a lowered Bass note
280
General Rules for tensions
1. Generally tensions are the pitches that are a whole step above chord tones 1, 3, 5
2. For a note to be considered a tension it should be played with a 7th or 6th chord
3. A triad can use 9 and 11 but mark it as "add"
281
Anticipation
Playing the downbeat half a beat early
282
Mixolydian
Mixolydian is the 5th mode
| It is a major scale with a flat 7
283
mp
Moderatley soft
| mezzo piano
284
What minor mode provides the V7
Harmonic Minor
285
Homophonic Harmony
Notes harmonized and played simultaneously
286
Basic bass groove (Rock)
Even 8ths
Mix 1/4 and 1/8
Half and Quarter notes
287
Subdominant function chords in minor key
IIdim, IV-, bVI, bVII
288
Dissonant intervals
2nd, 7th
289
What intervals are used to build an augmented 7th chord
An augmented triad with a min 7th
290
When stemming chords which way does the stem go
Opposite direction of the note furthest firm the venter line
291
Which related II chords are diatonic to a given key
III-7, VI-7, VII-7(b5)
292
Harmonic Minor Diatonic Scale (Chords)
Min, Dim, Aug, Min, Maj, Maj, Dim, Min
293
Which secondary dominant is unique in hat it has only one tension
V7/II
294
Funk based drum Rhythms
1.
Cymbal - 8ths
Snare - 2& 4
Kick - Syncopated 16
2.
Cymbal - 8ths (even)
Snare and Kick - syncopated 16ths
3.
Cymbal - 16ths
Snare - syncopated 16ths
Kick - 8ths
295
How is a perfect cadence unique
Both the final I chord and the preceding V chord must be in root position and the top note of the final chord or melody note must be scale degree 1
296
How is a deceptive 7 chord analyzed
An arrow points to the chord it moves to but the parenthesis are used around the target since it is also a dominant chord
297
Which chord is considered modal dominant, why
V-7 is built from the "dominant" scale degree and is expected to resolve down a 5th but it does not create a tritone.
298
Which minor SD chords are heard as modal and therefor brighter
II-7, IV7
299
What are the most commonly used secondary dominants in minor
V7/IV and V7/V
300
7 chords in Dorian
I-7, II-7, IIImaj7, IV7, V-7, VI-7(b5), VIImaj7
301
What is a deceptive resolution
A deceptive resolution is a chord progression where a secondary dominant moves to a dominant function chord rather than a subdominant function chord ie
Imaj7 to V7/IV to IV7
302
Why do subdominant chords create a softer resolution
They contain the tonic of the key
303
Dominant chords in Minor
V7, VIIdim7
304
7 chords in harmonic minor
I-(Maj7), II-7(b5), IIIaugMaj7, IV-7m V7, VImaj7, VIIdim7
305
7 chords in melodic minor
I-(maj7), II-7, IIIaug7, IV7, V7, VI-7(b5), VII-7(b5)
306
What are the defining characteristics of minor tonic chords
They contain the b3 and NOT the b6
307
Pentatonic scale
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
308
Figured Bass Symbold 7 chords
Root. 1st. 2nd. 3rd
7 6. 6. 6
5. 5. 4. 4
3. 3. 3. 2
309
Figured Bass figures
Root. 1st. 2nd.
5 6. 6.
3 3 4
310
Harmonics
Lightly touching the string with a finger
311
Glissando
Series of successive pitches played quickly
312
Pizzicato
Strings are plucked by fingers
313
Trill
The quick alternation of two pitches
314
4 groups of orchestral instruments
Strings, brass, woodwind, percussion
315
What is ternary form
ABA
316
What are the two roots of the whole tone scale
C and D flat
