Theory Flashcards
(230 cards)
1
Q
What is the Minor chord polychord formula
A
V- over R-7
bViiMaj over Rmaj7
2
Q
What is the Dominant7 Polychord formula
A
VI-7 over R7
V-7 over R7
3
Q
What is the polychord formula for minor7 chords
A
V- over R-7
4
Q
What is the polychord formula for dom7 chords
A
VImaj over R7
5
Q
What is the maj7 polychord formula
A
Vmaj over Rmaj7
6
Q
what is the minor7 polychord formula
A
V- over R-7
bVIImaj over Rmaj7
7
Q
What is the polychord formula for substitute dominant chords
A
IImaj over R7
8
Q
What is the formula for Maj diatonic poly chords
A
Vmaj over R6 or Rmaj7
9
Q
What is the formula for Lydian polychords and major modal interchange
A
IImaj over Rmaj7
10
Q
How to build poly chords with III-7 and VII-7(b5)
A
Replicate the chord tones in the upper structure and add T9
11
Q
What is the best polychord for Imaj7
A
A triad built on the 5th degree of the Ionian scale
12
Q
What is the most effect polychord for IVmaj7
A
A triad built on scale degree 2
13
Q
What are the bass rules for selecting upper structure chords
A
No harmonic avoid notes and at least one tension
14
Q
What is a related II chord
A
It. is a -7 chord that “matches” a dominant 7 chord according to the II-V relationship.
15
Q
What chord tone does the Tb13 replace when used in a a chord?
A
The 5th
16
Q
What are the scale degrees of a 6 chord
A
1 3 5 6
17
Q
What are the Dominant function chords in a minor key
A
V-
18
Q
Name the Dub Dominant function chords
A
II-. IV, VIIdim
19
Q
Name the Tonic function chords
A
I, III-, VI-
20
Q
Name the first 7 scale degrees of the overtone series
A
Tonic, tonic, 5th, tonic, 3rd, 5th, 7th, tonic
21
Q
What are the intervals used to build a Minor(Maj7) chord
A
A major7th over a minor triad
22
Q
Define the Ionian mode
A
Ionian is the first mode. It is a major scale.
23
Q
Define SubMetrical
A
Target tones come on beat.
Approach tones come on the off beats.
24
Q
Define Supermetrical
A
Target notes coincide with the stronger beat 1
Approach notes come on the weaker beat 3
25
Define Metrical level
All notes coincide with the beats in the meter
Target tones fall on strong beats
Approach tones fall on weak beats
26
What are the intervals used to build a Dominant7 chord
A minor 7th over a major triad
27
D Major/B Minor
2 Sharps - F, C
28
Where is the dynamic placed in vocal music
Above the staff
29
How many steps to build a major 5th
3w + 1h
7h
30
What chromatic melody note do you love?
#5
31
How does Lydian "feel"
Magical, wondrous, 90's movie theme.
32
3rd Inversion
7th in the bass
33
Db Major
5 flats
B, E, A, D, G
34
How many 16th notes are beamed together
4
35
What scale degrees are used to build a Minor(Maj7) Chord
1. b3, 5, 7
36
What intervals are used to build a Sus2 chord
A major second and a perfect 5th
37
What scale degrees are used to build a minor 6 chord
1, b3, 5, 6
38
What intervals are used to build a minor6 chord
A major 6th over a minor triad
39
What are the rules for placing accidentals on chords
When the top and bottom notes are less than an octave apart place accidentals as such
Top closest, then bottom, then middle
40
How is the pentatonic scale made
By removing notes that create half steps
41
What is close position
When the distance between the bottom and top notes id less than a Maj7
42
Symbol for an open hi hat
o
43
What scale degrees are used to build a Dom7 chord
1, 3, 5, b7
44
What is the characteristic pitch of Minor
b6
45
What is the purpose of tone music
To create a sense of Tonality. TO be able to hear where 1 is
46
What is a Jazz half Cadence
A Jazz Cadence that ends on V7 ie
VI-7 to III- to II-2 to V
V is preceded by II
47
How is a Jazz cadence unique
It is similar to an authentic cadence except the V7 is preceded by II-7
48
What is composite minor
A minor scale made up of Dorian, Harmonic, and half melodic minor to create a scale with scale degrees
1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, Nat6, b7, Nat7
49
Ab Major
4 Flats
B, E, A, D
50
What intervals are used to build an augmented triad
A major 3rd and an augmented 5th
51
In figured bass when you see no numbers
Root position
52
What intervals are used to build a minor triad
A minor 3rd beneath a major 3rd
53
What scale degrees are used to build a minor 7 chord
1, b3. 5. b7
54
What intervals are used to build an augmented triad
two major 3rds
55
2nd Inversion
5th in the bass
56
What intervals are used to build a major 6 chord
A major 6th above a major triad
57
Diatonic 7 chords (Major)
I maj7, II-7, III-7, IVmaj7, V7, VI-7, VII-7(b5)
58
What intervals are used to build a diminished triad
A diminished 5th on top of a minor 3rd
59
What intervals are used to build a major 7 chord
A major triad with a major 7th on top
60
Root position
Root in bass
61
What 2 alteration are written affect the 7th
Sus4 and Flat 5
62
Order of Modes
Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian
63
Diatonic Scale Degree names
Tonic, Supertonioc, Mediant, SubDominant, Dominant, SubMediant, Leading Tone
64
What intervals are used to build a Sus4 chord
A perfect 4th and a perfect 5th
65
Major scale chords
Maj, Min, Min, Maj, Maj, Min, Dim,
66
What pitch defines the major key as major
4
67
How do you find the relative minor
It is built on the 6th degree of the source major scale
68
What number do you add to the scale degree to find the compound interval?
7
2+7 = 9
2+3 = 10
Etc.
69
Sub dominant function chords in Minor
II-7(b5), II-7, IV-7, IV7, VI-6, bVImaj7, bVII7
70
What position is the secondary VIIdim found in and why
Usually first inversion to avoid parallel motion
71
In Sb2 and Sb6 what does "s" stand for?
It stands for "scale degree" it is not referred to as A tension because it changes the function of the chord.
72
How many diatonic secondary dominants are there in a major key
5
II-VI
73
When moving left around the circle of 5ths what scale degree is each progressive flat added to?
The 7th scale degree
74
Harmonic Minor scale
1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, 7Nat
75
In a II-V what chord quality can you use on a II chord if the target chord is III- or VI-
-7(b5)
Because the target chord is minor a "tonicized" III- or VI- would expect a -7(b5) II chord
76
Minor formula
b3, b6, b7
W, H, W, W, H, W, W
77
What chord tone does the Tb9 replace when it is voiced in a chord
The root
The root should be added by the left hand in the piano or with another bass instrument
78
Harmonic Weight
The degree to which a chord wants to resolve based on its relativity to the tonal center
79
What scale degrees are used to build a Diminished 7 chord.
1, b3, b5, bb7
80
How do you label chromatic notes
Sharp going u, flat going down
81
F minor
4 b
B, E, A, D
82
Minor Pentatonic formula
1, b3, 4, 5, b7
83
Which secondary dominant must be played as a 7 chord
V7/V without the 7th it is the one chord
84
What scale degrees are used to build an Aug(Maj7) chord
1, 3, #5, 7
85
Tonic chords in minor
I-, bIIImaj, VIMaj
86
What are the two most common deceptive resolutions
V7 to VI-
V7 to III-
87
G minor
2 b's
B, E
88
B Maj
5 Sharps
F, C, G, B, E
89
Gb Major
6 flats
B, E, A, D, G, F
90
Bb Major
2 flats
B, E
91
B minor
2 sharps
F, C
92
Why can't a triad "add 13"
Because doing so makes it a 6th chord. You need a 7th for a 6th to be a 13th
93
How man steps in a major 3rd
2 whole steps
94
What intervals are used to build a major triad
a major 3 beneath a minor 3rd
95
Which tonic minor chord needs special consideration in its placement
bIII it is the I chord in the relative major
96
What is the characteristic pitch of the natural minor scale
Sb6
97
What kind of 5th is used in a subdominant 7th chord
Perfect
98
E minor
1 sharp
F
99
D major
2 Sharps
F, C
100
D minor
1 b
B
101
Major 3rd in steps
4 Half steps
or
2 whole steps
102
What intervals are used to build an Augmented 7th chord
An augmented triad with a major 7th
103
What scale degrees are used to build a major 7th chord
1, 3, 5, 7
104
Define Tritone
Aug 4th, Dim5th
3 whole steps
105
Lydian
Lydian is the 4th mode
It is a major scale with a raised 4th
Think of it as super major
106
Locrian
Locrian is a the 7th mode
It is a minor scale with a flat 2 and a flat 5
107
What is the name of a cadence that fulfills a listeners expectation
Authentic Cadence
V to I
or
V- to I-
108
What is a hard cadence
A chord progression that ENDS on V
109
What is a plagal half cadence
A progression that ends on II- or IV
110
What are the tensions for secondary dominants that resolve to minor chords
Tb9. Tb13
111
What is an accented passing tone
A passing tone that falls on a strong beat
112
What are the tensions of the secondary dominants that resolve to major chords
T9, T13
113
Core chords for sub dominant modal interchange
II-7(b5), IV-7 (IV-6), bVIImaj, bVII7
114
What is a "II-V" and how is it analyzed
It is a specific cadence where II-7 resolves to V7
AND
Where II-7 lands on a strong beat and V7 lands on a weak beat. It is analyzed with a bracket.
115
What scale does the Min(Maj7) chord come from
Harmonic Minor
116
Voice Leading Steps (7 Chords)
1. Move the root of the chord to the root do the target chord.
2. Resolve the 7th down stepwise unless the 7th is a chord tone of the target chord.
3. If the leading tone is in the top or bottom voice it should move up to the tonic of the key.
117
G Major
1 Sharp
F
118
C Major
No sharps/No Flats
119
A Minor
No sharps/No Flats
120
A Major
3 Sharps
F. C. G
121
F Major
1 Flat
B
122
D Minor
1 Flat
B
123
Cb Major
7 Flats
124
F# Major
6 Sharps
F, C, G, D, A, E
125
When a chord has 2 notes 1 step apart where does the second note go?
On the right
126
Aeolian
Aeolian is the 6th mode
It is a natural minor scale
127
How do you determine the Relative Major of a given minor Key
The 3rd degree of the source minor scale.
128
F
Loud
| (Forte)
129
Which chord tones are the guide tones
The 3rd and 7th
130
What scale degrees are used to build an Aug7 chord
1, 3, #5, b7
131
What are the diatonic chord in Minor
Minor, Diminished, Major, Minor, Minor, Major, Major, Minor
132
Dorian
Dorian is the second mode
It is a minor scale with a raised 6th
133
1st inversion
3rd in Bass
134
If the notes in a chord are equidistant from the center line which direction does the stem go
Down
135
What is the quality of a 6th when added to a triad
Always Major
136
What intervals are used to build a Minor 7 chord
A minor triad and a minor 7th
137
How many steps in a minor 3rd
3 half steps
138
Quick trick to identify inversion on the staff
The top note of the 2nd is usually the root (not always)
139
When moving around the circle of 5ths what scale degree is each progressive sharp added to
The 4th
140
E Major
4 Sharps
F, C, G, D
141
E minor
1 Sharp
F
142
Eb Major
3 Flats
B, E, A
143
D minor
1 Flat
144
F Major
1 Flat
145
What scale degrees are used to build a Dom7(Sus4) Chord
1, 4, 5, b7
146
Diatonic 7 chords (Minor)
1-7, II-7(b5), bIIIMAJ, IV-7, V-7, bVIMAJ7, bVII7
147
Tonic function chords in a minor key
I-, bIII
148
3 Part Close vs 4 Part close voice leading
3 Part - 3rd, 5th, 7th are in the right hand with an independent root in the bass
4 Part - root, 3rd, 5th, 7th, in the right hand with an independent root in the bass
149
FF
Very Loud
| (Fortissimo)
150
Phrygian
Phrygian is the 3rd mode
It is a natural minor scale with a lowered 2nd
151
Major scale step formula
WWHWWWH
152
What is the interval between a V7 chord and it’s related II
The related II is a perfect 5th above the V7
153
How do you find the SubV
It is a Tritone away from the V7 (it is also a half step above the target chord)
154
What are the 4 possible relationships of the related II
Diatonic related II to the Diatonic V7
Diatonic related II to to the SubV
Related II of SubV to the SubV
Related II of the SubV to the Diatonic V7
155
How is a SubV to I resolution analyzed
Dotted line arroe
156
Which related II chords are not analyzed with a Bracket
Related II of SubV/III (Heard as I-)
Related II of SubV/VI (Heard as IV-)
157
How do you find the diatonic chord scale of a given chord.
Stack the chord tones in 3rd and put the notes of the key between them.
158
What are the noted in altered dominant scale
1, Tb9, T#9, 3, b5, Tb13, b7, 1
159
Why is the altered dominant scale the source for the SubV
It contains the notes of the primary dominant AND the substitute dominant
160
How do you build a Lydian b7 Scale
Reorder the altered dominant scale from the b5
161
What tensions are available in Lydian b7
9, #11, 13
162
Which SubV’s can take advantage of the Lydian b7
SubV/I, SubV/IV, SubV/V
163
What is unique about V7/VI
SubV/VI is the bVII chord in a major key
It functions best as a short duration chord interpolated between V7/VI and VI-
164
Why is SubV/III confusing
It is the only SubV with a diatonic root
In it’s triad if form it is a subdominant chord
165
What is a SubV chord
1. A dominant chord that shares the same 3rd and 7th as the diatonic Dom7
2. The Tritons is inverted in the SubV
3. The root of the SubV is a tritone away from the original V7 (Or a half step above the target chord)
4. Watch out for enharmonic chord spelling
166
What is an interpolated chord
A chord “stuck between” two other chords
167
What direction to tritones traditionally resolve
Inward
168
Additional chord choices for deceptive resolution of secondary dominants (stepwise deception)
V7/VI to bIII
V7/III to bVII
V7/V to bII
169
What is the V7/II
VI7
170
What is V7/III
VII7
171
What is V7/IV
I7
172
What is the V7/V
II7
173
What is V7/VI
III7
174
3 Types of deceptive resolution
1. Resolution to unexpected chord quality
A7 to D7 vs A7 to D-
2. Resolution by step
V7/VI to IV or V7/VI to II-
175
How is an extended dominant series analyzed
Arrows indicate resolution
Chord that starts the series is labeled as a reference to tonal cente4r
176
Define and extended dominant series
A string of 3 or more Dom7 chords that start on a strong harmonic stress point, and resolved one to the next by descending perfect 5th root motion.
177
What are the most consonant of the tensions
Tensions that are a major 9th above the the note of the primary triad
178
Guide tone movement root motion in 3rds and 6ths
3rd of first become 3rd of second
7th of first becomes 7th of second
179
Guide tone movement root motion in 2nds and 7ths
Guide tones move in parallel
180
Guide tone movement Root motion in P4 or P5
The 3rd of the firs becomes the 7th of the second
The 7th of the first becomes the 3rd of the second
181
Define A Hybrid Chord
A root note with a chord whose other notes are made up of upper chord tones and tensions. no 3rd.
182
How do you analyze hybrid chords
The same way you analyze it’s counterpart with a 3rd.
183
How do you group together things in compound meter
Group in 3’s
184
What Modal Interchange chords are taken from Phrygian
bIIMaj7
185
2 Main differences between classical and contemporary analysis
1. In traditional analysis the numbers replaced below the staff in contemporary they are placed above.
2. In traditional minor chords use lower case numbers and -7(b5) is called half-diminished.
186
What re duple, triple, and quadruple meter
Meters where the pulse is felt in 2, 3, and 4 respectively
187
How do you know where to place the imaginary bar line
between each pulse
188
Where can you place quarter note rests in 6/8
Beats 1 and 4. if it is on 2 or 5 it must be a pair of eigth rests
189
What is an inverted motif
A melody where the notes move the same interval but the opposite direction
190
What modal interchange chords are taken from Dorian
I-7, bIIImaj7
191
What is a good rule of thumb for imaginary bar line usage
You need to see something under each pulse.
Specially 1 & 3 in simple
1 & 4 in compound
192
What is one strange quirk of notating compound meter
If you have an 8 note followed by a quarter rent it must be notated as two 8th rests
193
How do you know how to beam a given subdivision
All notes the fall under one pulse are beamed together
194
What is the name of the suspension that resolves up instead of down
Retardation suspension
195
2 most typical line cliches in minor (bass)
1. Diatonic descent from tonic to dominant
2. Chromatic descent from tonic to dominant
196
What is an inverted motif
A motif that begins on the same root but moves to the next note in the opposite direction using the same interval as the original.
197
What modal interchange chords are taken from mixolydian
V-7, bVIImaj7
198
What are the 4 most common borrowed chord deceptive resolutions
bIIImaj7, bVImaj7, bIImaj7, bVIImaj7
199
How is borrowed chord deceptive resolutions analyzed
V or V7 is placed in parenthesis to show it is not resolving to the I
200
How to analyze approach notes (passing tones)
Approacxh tones are circled
The other notes are labeled according to the notes relationship to the chord with which it is played
201
What is the difference between simple and compound meter
The pulse
202
How is the pulse different between simple and compound meter
Simple is divisible by 2 as in
1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
Compound is divisible by 3
123 123 123 (waltz)
203
How do you know which number is the root in figured bass
It is the newest number to have changed
204
What is a line cliche
A line cliche is a stepwise line (either ascending or descending) that moves against a single stationary chord
205
What is a retrograde motif
Playing the original motif in reverse. Usually maintaining the same rhythm
206
What is a repetition motif
When a motif is replayed immediately using the same pitches and rhythm
207
What modal interchange chords are taken from natural minor
II-7(b5), IV-7, bVImaj7, bVII7
208
What modal interchange chords are taken from melodic minor
I-(maj7), I-6, IV7
209
General Rules for tensions
1. Generally tensions are the pitches that are a whole step above chord tones 1, 3, 5
2. For a note to be considered a tension it should be played with a 7th or 6th chord
3. A triad can use 9 and 11 but mark it as "add"
210
Mixolydian
Mixolydian is the 5th mode
It is a major scale with a flat 7
211
What minor mode provides the V7
Harmonic Minor
212
Subdominant function chords in minor key
IIdim, IV-, bVI, bVII
213
What intervals are used to build an augmented 7th chord
An augmented triad with a min 7th
214
When stemming chords which way does the stem go
Opposite direction of the note furthest firm the venter line
215
Which related II chords are diatonic to a given key
III-7, VI-7, VII-7(b5)
216
Harmonic Minor Diatonic Scale (Chords)
Min, Dim, Aug, Min, Maj, Maj, Dim, Min
217
Which secondary dominant is unique in hat it has only one tension
V7/II
218
How is a deceptive 7 chord analyzed
An arrow points to the chord it moves to but the parenthesis are used around the target since it is also a dominant chord
219
Which chord is considered modal dominant, why
V-7 is built from the "dominant" scale degree and is expected to resolve down a 5th but it does not create a tritone.
220
Which minor SD chords are heard as modal and therefor brighter
II-7, IV7
221
What are the most commonly used secondary dominants in minor
V7/IV and V7/V
222
7 chords in Dorian
I-7, II-7, IIImaj7, IV7, V-7, VI-7(b5), VIImaj7
223
What is a deceptive resolution
A deceptive resolution is a chord progression where a secondary dominant moves to a dominant function chord rather than a subdominant function chord ie
Imaj7 to V7/IV to IV7
224
Why do subdominant chords create a softer resolution
They contain the tonic of the key
225
Dominant chords in Minor
V7, VIIdim7
226
7 chords in harmonic minor
I-(Maj7), II-7(b5), IIIaugMaj7, IV-7m V7, VImaj7, VIIdim7
227
7 chords in melodic minor
I-(maj7), II-7, IIIaug7, IV7, V7, VI-7(b5), VII-7(b5)
228
What are the defining characteristics of minor tonic chords
They contain the b3 and NOT the b6
229
Pentatonic scale
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
230
What are the two roots of the whole tone scale
C and D flat
