Orchestration and Instrumentation (Grooves and Rhythms) Flashcards
(318 cards)
1
Q
What is the Minor chord polychord formula
A
V- over R-7
bViiMaj over Rmaj7
2
Q
What is the Dominant7 Polychord formula
A
VI-7 over R7
V-7 over R7
3
Q
What is the polychord formula for minor7 chords
A
V- over R-7
4
Q
What is the polychord formula for dom7 chords
A
VImaj over R7
5
Q
What is the maj7 polychord formula
A
Vmaj over Rmaj7
6
Q
what is the minor7 polychord formula
A
V- over R-7
bVIImaj over Rmaj7
7
Q
What is the polychord formula for substitute dominant chords
A
IImaj over R7
8
Q
What is the formula for Maj diatonic poly chords
A
Vmaj over R6 or Rmaj7
9
Q
What is the formula for Lydian polychords and major modal interchange
A
IImaj over Rmaj7
10
Q
How to build poly chords with III-7 and VII-7(b5)
A
Replicate the chord tones in the upper structure and add T9
11
Q
What is the best polychord for Imaj7
A
A triad built on the 5th degree of the Ionian scale
12
Q
What is the most effect polychord for IVmaj7
A
A triad built on scale degree 2
13
Q
What are the bass rules for selecting upper structure chords
A
No harmonic avoid notes and at least one tension
14
Q
What is an indirect resolution
A
The result of two unprepared approach tones, the lower and then the upper neighbors tones (or the reverse) preceding a target tone.
15
Q
What is a neighbor tone
A
An approach tone that leaves the target tone by step and returns to the same note.
16
Q
What is a passing tone
A
An approach tone that leaves a target by step and resolves by step, filling the gap of a third.
17
Q
What is an Unprepared Approach tone
A
“Free neighbor tone”
An approach tone that comes after silence or a melodic leap and then resolves by step to a target tone.
18
Q
What is a related II chord
A
It. is a -7 chord that “matches” a dominant 7 chord according to the II-V relationship.
19
Q
What chord tone does the Tb13 replace when used in a a chord?
A
The 5th
20
Q
What is another term for stepwise motion
A
Conjunct motion
21
Q
What are the scale degrees of a 6 chord
A
1 3 5 6
22
Q
What are the Dominant function chords in a minor key
A
V-
23
Q
Name the Dub Dominant function chords
A
II-. IV, VIIdim
24
Q
Name the Tonic function chords
A
I, III-, VI-
25
Name the first 7 scale degrees of the overtone series
Tonic, tonic, 5th, tonic, 3rd, 5th, 7th, tonic
26
Describe a basic Rock groove
Cymbal - even 8ths
Snare on 2 & 4
Kick on 1 & 3
27
Describe Oblique Motion
One note remains stationary
| On note moves
28
What are the intervals used to build a Minor(Maj7) chord
A major7th over a minor triad
29
Which intervals can be perfect?
Unison, 4th, 5th, Octave
30
Define the Ionian mode
Ionian is the first mode. It is a major scale.
31
Define SubMetrical
Target tones come on beat.
| Approach tones come on the off beats.
32
Define Supermetrical
Target notes coincide with the stronger beat 1
| Approach notes come on the weaker beat 3
33
Define Metrical level
All notes coincide with the beats in the meter
Target tones fall on strong beats
Approach tones fall on weak beats
34
What is the quality of an approach tone
An approach tone may be any note of the chromatic scale. The most dissonant are often the. briefest duration.
35
What is the quality of a target note.
Always a chord tone or available tension.
36
What is a Melodic Interval
Notes played separately
37
What are the intervals used to build a Dominant7 chord
A minor 7th over a major triad
38
What intervals are avoided in Traditional Voice Leading
Parallel octaves, 4th, and 5ths
39
D Major/B Minor
2 Sharps - F, C
40
Where is the dynamic placed in vocal music
Above the staff
41
How many steps to build a major 5th
3w + 1h
| 7h
42
What chromatic melody note do you love?
#5
43
How does Lydian "feel"
Magical, wondrous, 90's movie theme.
44
3rd Inversion
7th in the bass
45
Db Major
5 flats
| B, E, A, D, G
46
How many 16th notes are beamed together
4
47
What is heterophonic harmony?
Melody + embellished melody
48
What scale degrees are used to build a Minor(Maj7) Chord
1. b3, 5, 7
49
What intervals are used to build a Sus2 chord
A major second and a perfect 5th
50
What scale degrees are used to build a minor 6 chord
1, b3, 5, 6
51
What intervals are used to build a minor6 chord
A major 6th over a minor triad
52
What are the rules for placing accidentals on chords
When the top and bottom notes are less than an octave apart place accidentals as such
Top closest, then bottom, then middle
53
How is the pentatonic scale made
By removing notes that create half steps
54
What is close position
When the distance between the bottom and top notes id less than a Maj7
55
Symbol for an open hi hat
o
56
What scale degrees are used to build a Dom7 chord
1, 3, 5, b7
57
What is a plagal cadence
A resolution of
II- to I
or
IV to I
also known as an amen cadence.
58
What is the characteristic pitch of Minor
b6
59
What is the purpose of tone music
To create a sense of Tonality. TO be able to hear where 1 is
60
What is a Jazz half Cadence
A Jazz Cadence that ends on V7 ie
VI-7 to III- to II-2 to V
V is preceded by II
61
How is a Jazz cadence unique
It is similar to an authentic cadence except the V7 is preceded by II-7
62
What is composite minor
A minor scale made up of Dorian, Harmonic, and half melodic minor to create a scale with scale degrees
1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, Nat6, b7, Nat7
63
Ab Major
4 Flats
| B, E, A, D
64
In figured bass when you only see a 6
1st inversion
65
What intervals are used to build an augmented triad
A major 3rd and an augmented 5th
66
In figured bass when you see no numbers
Root position
67
What intervals are used to build a minor triad
A minor 3rd beneath a major 3rd
68
What scale degrees are used to build a minor 7 chord
1, b3. 5. b7
69
What intervals are used to build an augmented triad
two major 3rds
70
Which intervals are imperfect
Maj 3rd, maj 6th, major 2nd, Maj 7th
71
2nd Inversion
5th in the bass
72
What intervals are used to build a major 6 chord
A major 6th above a major triad
73
Diatonic 7 chords (Major)
I maj7, II-7, III-7, IVmaj7, V7, VI-7, VII-7(b5)
74
What intervals are used to build a diminished triad
A diminished 5th on top of a minor 3rd
75
What intervals are used to build a major 7 chord
A major triad with a major 7th on top
76
Root position
Root in bass
77
What 2 alteration are written affect the 7th
Sus4 and Flat 5
78
Order of Modes
Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian
79
Diatonic Scale Degree names
Tonic, Supertonioc, Mediant, SubDominant, Dominant, SubMediant, Leading Tone
80
What intervals are used to build a Sus4 chord
A perfect 4th and a perfect 5th
81
Major scale chords
Maj, Min, Min, Maj, Maj, Min, Dim,
82
What pitch defines the major key as major
4
83
How do you find the relative minor
It is built on the 6th degree of the source major scale
84
What number do you add to the scale degree to find the compound interval?
7
2+7 = 9
2+3 = 10
Etc.
85
Sub dominant function chords in Minor
II-7(b5), II-7, IV-7, IV7, VI-6, bVImaj7, bVII7
86
Retardation
A suspension that resolves upward instead of downward
87
What other non chord tone is a retardation similar to
A suspension.
Both have a setup, dissonance, and resolution. Suspension resolves down, retardation resolves up.
88
Appoggiatura
Nonharmonic tones that are approached by leap and resolved by step
89
Do appoggiatura typically fall on a strong or a weak beat.
Strong
90
Does the Appoggiatura resolved up or down
Either
91
What is an escape tone
A non harmonic tone that is approached by step and left by leap.
92
What are the non harmonic tones in classical theory
Any note not in the core triad
93
What position is the secondary VIIdim found in and why
Usually first inversion to avoid parallel motion
94
In Sb2 and Sb6 what does "s" stand for?
It stands for "scale degree" it is not referred to as A tension because it changes the function of the chord.
95
Define Passing Tone
A note that connects two chord tones and moves stepwise between them
96
What else is the 4 part writing referred to as
SATB
| Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass
97
How many diatonic secondary dominants are there in a major key
5
| II-VI
98
When moving left around the circle of 5ths what scale degree is each progressive flat added to?
The 7th scale degree
99
p
Soft
| Piano
100
Harmonic Minor scale
1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, 7Nat
101
In a II-V what chord quality can you use on a II chord if the target chord is III- or VI-
-7(b5)
Because the target chord is minor a "tonicized" III- or VI- would expect a -7(b5) II chord
102
Minor formula
b3, b6, b7
W, H, W, W, H, W, W
103
What chord tone does the Tb9 replace when it is voiced in a chord
The root
The root should be added by the left hand in the piano or with another bass instrument
104
MF
Moderatley Loud
| Mezzo Forte
105
pp
Very Soft
| Pianissimo
106
Harmonic Weight
The degree to which a chord wants to resolve based on its relativity to the tonal center
107
What scale degrees are used to build a Diminished 7 chord.
1, b3, b5, bb7
108
How do you label chromatic notes
Sharp going u, flat going down
109
F minor
4 b
B, E, A, D
110
Minor Pentatonic formula
1, b3, 4, 5, b7
111
Which secondary dominant must be played as a 7 chord
V7/V without the 7th it is the one chord
112
What scale degrees are used to build an Aug(Maj7) chord
1, 3, #5, 7
113
Tonic chords in minor
I-, bIIImaj, VIMaj
114
What are the two most common deceptive resolutions
V7 to VI-
| V7 to III-
115
G minor
2 b's
| B, E
116
B Maj
5 Sharps
F, C, G, B, E
117
Gb Major
6 flats
B, E, A, D, G, F
118
Bb Major
2 flats
B, E
119
B minor
2 sharps
F, C
120
Why can't a triad "add 13"
Because doing so makes it a 6th chord. You need a 7th for a 6th to be a 13th
121
How man steps in a major 3rd
2 whole steps
122
What intervals are used to build a major triad
a major 3 beneath a minor 3rd
123
Which tonic minor chord needs special consideration in its placement
bIII it is the I chord in the relative major
124
What is the characteristic pitch of the natural minor scale
Sb6
125
What kind of 5th is used in a subdominant 7th chord
Perfect
126
Describe a basic Bossa Nova groove
Cymbal - Even 8ths
Snare - Clave rhythm
Kick - 1, +of2, 3, +of4
127
E minor
1 sharp
F
128
D major
2 Sharps
F, C
129
D minor
1 b
B
130
Suspension
Hold a note from the previous chord allowing it to become a dissonance on the target chord before resolving
131
Anticipation (non chord tones)
A note in the chord that is played before the chord sounds
132
Major 3rd in steps
4 Half steps
or
2 whole steps
133
In figured bass when you only see a note
Root position
134
What intervals are used to build an Augmented 7th chord
An augmented triad with a major 7th
135
What scale degrees are used to build a major 7th chord
1, 3, 5, 7
136
Define Tritone
Aug 4th, Dim5th
3 whole steps
137
Lydian
Lydian is the 4th mode
It is a major scale with a raised 4th
Think of it as super major
138
Locrian
Locrian is a the 7th mode
It is a minor scale with a flat 2 and a flat 5
139
What is the name of a cadence that fulfills a listeners expectation
Authentic Cadence
V to I
or
V- to I-
140
What is a hard cadence
A chord progression that ENDS on V
141
What is a plagal half cadence
A progression that ends on II- or IV
142
What are the tensions for secondary dominants that resolve to minor chords
Tb9. Tb13
143
What is an accented passing tone
A passing tone that falls on a strong beat
144
What are the tensions of the secondary dominants that resolve to major chords
T9, T13
145
Core chords for sub dominant modal interchange
II-7(b5), IV-7 (IV-6), bVIImaj, bVII7
146
Neighbor Tone
A neighbor tone moves away from a chord tone by step and then returns to the chord tone
147
Pick Up Not (Bass)
A short duration note that "shows off" the longer duration note that it precedes.
148
What is a "II-V" and how is it analyzed
It is a specific cadence where II-7 resolves to V7
AND
Where II-7 lands on a strong beat and V7 lands on a weak beat. It is analyzed with a bracket.
149
What scale does the Min(Maj7) chord come from
Harmonic Minor
150
Symbol for closed HiHat
+
151
Voice Leading Steps (7 Chords)
1. Move the root of the chord to the root do the target chord.
2. Resolve the 7th down stepwise unless the 7th is a chord tone of the target chord.
3. If the leading tone is in the top or bottom voice it should move up to the tonic of the key.
152
G Major
1 Sharp
F
153
C Major
No sharps/No Flats
154
A Minor
No sharps/No Flats
155
A Major
3 Sharps
F. C. G
156
F Major
1 Flat
B
157
D Minor
1 Flat
B
158
Cb Major
7 Flats
159
F# Major
6 Sharps
F, C, G, D, A, E
160
Similar Motion
Same direction, different intervals
161
When a chord has 2 notes 1 step apart where does the second note go?
On the right
162
Aeolian
Aeolian is the 6th mode
| It is a natural minor scale
163
How do you determine the Relative Major of a given minor Key
The 3rd degree of the source minor scale.
164
F
Loud
| Forte
165
Which chord tones are the guide tones
The 3rd and 7th
166
What scale degrees are used to build an Aug7 chord
1, 3, #5, b7
167
What are the diatonic chord in Minor
Minor, Diminished, Major, Minor, Minor, Major, Major, Minor
168
Contrary Motion
Different Direction
169
Dorian
Dorian is the second mode
| It is a minor scale with a raised 6th
170
What is another term for non stepwise motion
Disjunct motion
171
1st inversion
3rd in Bass
172
If the notes in a chord are equidistant from the center line which direction does the stem go
Down
173
What is the quality of a 6th when added to a triad
Always Major
174
What intervals are used to build a Minor 7 chord
A minor triad and a minor 7th
175
How many steps in a minor 3rd
3 half steps
176
Quick trick to identify inversion on the staff
The top note of the 2nd is usually the root (not always)
177
Where is the dynamic marking placed in instrumental music
Under the note
178
When moving around the circle of 5ths what scale degree is each progressive sharp added to
The 4th
179
What is a harmonic interval
two notes placed simultaneously
180
What is Parallel motion
Same direction
| Same Interval
181
E Major
4 Sharps
| F, C, G, D
182
E minor
1 Sharp
| F
183
Eb Major
3 Flats
| B, E, A
184
D minor
1 Flat
185
F Major
1 Flat
186
What scale degrees are used to build a Dom7(Sus4) Chord
1, 4, 5, b7
187
Diatonic 7 chords (Minor)
1-7, II-7(b5), bIIIMAJ, IV-7, V-7, bVIMAJ7, bVII7
188
Tonic function chords in a minor key
I-, bIII
189
3 Part Close vs 4 Part close voice leading
3 Part - 3rd, 5th, 7th are in the right hand with an independent root in the bass
4 Part - root, 3rd, 5th, 7th, in the right hand with an independent root in the bass
190
FF
Very Loud
| Fortissimo
191
Phrygian
Phrygian is the 3rd mode
| It is a natural minor scale with a lowered 2nd
192
Major scale step formula
WWHWWWH
193
What is the interval between a V7 chord and it’s related II
The related II is a perfect 5th above the V7
194
How do you find the SubV
It is a Tritone away from the V7 (it is also a half step above the target chord)
195
What are the 4 possible relationships of the related II
Diatonic related II to the Diatonic V7
Diatonic related II to to the SubV
Related II of SubV to the SubV
Related II of the SubV to the Diatonic V7
196
How is a SubV to I resolution analyzed
Dotted line arroe
197
Which related II chords are not analyzed with a Bracket
Related II of SubV/III (Heard as I-)
| Related II of SubV/VI (Heard as IV-)
198
How do you find the diatonic chord scale of a given chord.
Stack the chord tones in 3rd and put the notes of the key between them.
199
What are the noted in altered dominant scale
1, Tb9, T#9, 3, b5, Tb13, b7, 1
200
Why is the altered dominant scale the source for the SubV
It contains the notes of the primary dominant AND the substitute dominant
201
How do you build a Lydian b7 Scale
Reorder the altered dominant scale from the b5
202
What tensions are available in Lydian b7
9, #11, 13
203
Which SubV’s can take advantage of the Lydian b7
SubV/I, SubV/IV, SubV/V
204
What is unique about V7/VI
SubV/VI is the bVII chord in a major key
It functions best as a short duration chord interpolated between V7/VI and VI-
205
Why is SubV/III confusing
It is the only SubV with a diatonic root
In it’s triad if form it is a subdominant chord
206
What is a SubV chord
1. A dominant chord that shares the same 3rd and 7th as the diatonic Dom7
2. The Tritons is inverted in the SubV
3. The root of the SubV is a tritone away from the original V7 (Or a half step above the target chord)
4. Watch out for enharmonic chord spelling
207
What is an interpolated chord
A chord “stuck between” two other chords
208
What direction to tritones traditionally resolve
Inward
209
Additional chord choices for deceptive resolution of secondary dominants (stepwise deception)
V7/VI to bIII
V7/III to bVII
V7/V to bII
210
What is the V7/II
VI7
211
What is V7/III
VII7
212
What is V7/IV
I7
213
What is the V7/V
II7
214
What is V7/VI
III7
215
3 Types of deceptive resolution
1. Resolution to unexpected chord quality
A7 to D7 vs A7 to D-
2. Resolution by step
V7/VI to IV or V7/VI to II-
216
How is an extended dominant series analyzed
Arrows indicate resolution
| Chord that starts the series is labeled as a reference to tonal cente4r
217
Define and extended dominant series
A string of 3 or more Dom7 chords that start on a strong harmonic stress point, and resolved one to the next by descending perfect 5th root motion.
218
What are the most consonant of the tensions
Tensions that are a major 9th above the the note of the primary triad
219
Poco A Poco
Gradual crescendo or decrescendo
220
Sforzando
| SFZ
Used when a note or chord should have a sudden, strong, empahsis
221
Listresso Tempo
“Same Tempo”
| When there is a change in meter but the temp stays the same
222
Rubato
Suspend the beat
223
Accelerando
Speeds up/Faster
224
Rotary
Slowing
225
Guide tone movement root motion in 3rds and 6ths
3rd of first become 3rd of second
| 7th of first becomes 7th of second
226
Guide tone movement root motion in 2nds and 7ths
Guide tones move in parallel
227
Guide tone movement Root motion in P4 or P5
The 3rd of the firs becomes the 7th of the second
| The 7th of the first becomes the 3rd of the second
228
Largo
Very Slow
229
Larghetto
Slow
230
Adagio
Moderately Slow
231
Andante
Walking Tempo
232
Moderato
Moderately Fast
233
Allegro
Fast
234
Presto
Very Fast
235
Presstissimo
Very Very Fast
236
Define A Hybrid Chord
A root note with a chord whose other notes are made up of upper chord tones and tensions. no 3rd.
237
How do you analyze hybrid chords
The same way you analyze it’s counterpart with a 3rd.
238
How do you group together things in compound meter
Group in 3’s
239
What Modal Interchange chords are taken from Phrygian
bIIMaj7
240
2 Main differences between classical and contemporary analysis
1. In traditional analysis the numbers replaced below the staff in contemporary they are placed above.
2. In traditional minor chords use lower case numbers and -7(b5) is called half-diminished.
241
What makes a pitch an approach note
Must resolve by step
Usually placed on a weak stress
Is usually an 8th note or less
242
What re duple, triple, and quadruple meter
Meters where the pulse is felt in 2, 3, and 4 respectively
243
How do you know where to place the imaginary bar line
between each pulse
244
Where can you place quarter note rests in 6/8
Beats 1 and 4. if it is on 2 or 5 it must be a pair of eigth rests
245
What is an inverted motif
A melody where the notes move the same interval but the opposite direction
246
What modal interchange chords are taken from Dorian
I-7, bIIImaj7
247
What is a good rule of thumb for imaginary bar line usage
You need to see something under each pulse.
Specially 1 & 3 in simple
1 & 4 in compound
248
What is one strange quirk of notating compound meter
If you have an 8 note followed by a quarter rent it must be notated as two 8th rests
249
How do you know how to beam a given subdivision
All notes the fall under one pulse are beamed together
250
How is a 9th chord in classical harmony different from a modern 9th chord
In classical harmony a 7th is not added to the chord unless it is indicated
251
What is the name of the suspension that resolves up instead of down
Retardation suspension
252
Define passing tone
A note that connects 2 notes that are a third apart
253
2 most typical line cliches in minor (bass)
1. Diatonic descent from tonic to dominant
| 2. Chromatic descent from tonic to dominant
254
What is an inverted motif
A motif that begins on the same root but moves to the next note in the opposite direction using the same interval as the original.
255
What modal interchange chords are taken from mixolydian
V-7, bVIImaj7
256
What are the 4 most common borrowed chord deceptive resolutions
bIIImaj7, bVImaj7, bIImaj7, bVIImaj7
257
How is borrowed chord deceptive resolutions analyzed
V or V7 is placed in parenthesis to show it is not resolving to the I
258
Strophic Form
A one section repeating verse form where the music remains the same and new verse are sung to an unchain melody
259
How to analyze approach notes (passing tones)
Approacxh tones are circled
The other notes are labeled according to the notes relationship to the chord with which it is played
260
Define neighbor tones
Neighbor tones are notes that move one step away from the starting note and return to the pitch of the starting note
261
What is the difference between simple and compound meter
The pulse
262
How is the pulse different between simple and compound meter
Simple is divisible by 2 as in
1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
Compound is divisible by 3
123 123 123 (waltz)
263
How do you know which number is the root in figured bass
It is the newest number to have changed
264
What is a line cliche
A line cliche is a stepwise line (either ascending or descending) that moves against a single stationary chord
265
What is a retrograde motif
Playing the original motif in reverse. Usually maintaining the same rhythm
266
What is a Neapolitan 6th
It is a bII chord traditional played almost exclusively in 1st inversion
267
What is a repetition motif
When a motif is replayed immediately using the same pitches and rhythm
268
How to voice lead N6 to V
Double the bass of the N6
Move the root (b2) to the 3rd of the V chord
Move the remaining tones to the nearest chord tone
Double the root of the V chord to avoid parallel 5ths
269
What modal interchange chords are taken from natural minor
II-7(b5), IV-7, bVImaj7, bVII7
270
In classical music how do you set up a suspension
The suspension is expected to be prepared by being part of the previous chord
271
In figured bass what chord tone is replaces when a 5 is shown, alone or with a 7
the 3rd
272
Rules for figured bass accidentals
An accidental without numbers always indicates the 3rd of the chord
An accidental following a number alters the note referred to by that number
A chord without a number is a root position triad
273
What modal interchange chords are taken from melodic minor
I-(maj7), I-6, IV7
274
What is the simple definition of a Neapolitan 6th chord
A flat 2 chord with the 3rd in the bass
275
Augmented 6 definition
The distance of six letter names inclusive. An exact distance of 10 half steps.
276
What steps are taken to build an Italian 6th chord
1. begin with a IV chord
2. Put it in 1st inversion
3. Move the bass note down a half step
4. Move the top note up a 1/2 step
5. Both top and bottom notes move another hand step to arrive at the same note an octave apart.
277
How is an Italian 6th different in minor
In minor only the root of the IV chord is altered
278
How do you construct a German aug 6th (major Key)
1. Begin w/ II-7
2. Put it in second inversion
3. Bass moves down a 1/2 step
4. Root and 3rd move up a 1/2 step
5. All notes continue in the same direction
279
How do you construct a German 6th chord (minor key)
1. Begin with IV-7 chord
2. Put it in 1st inversion
3. Raise root
4. Share move up flats move down
280
How do you construct a French augmented 6th chord
1. Begin with a II-7
2. Put it in second inversion
3. Lower the bass, raise the top note
4. The root stays in place
281
How do Tchaikovsky think of the French augment 6
Dominant 7th chord in 2nd inversion W/ a lowered Bass note
282
General Rules for tensions
1. Generally tensions are the pitches that are a whole step above chord tones 1, 3, 5
2. For a note to be considered a tension it should be played with a 7th or 6th chord
3. A triad can use 9 and 11 but mark it as "add"
283
Anticipation
Playing the downbeat half a beat early
284
Mixolydian
Mixolydian is the 5th mode
| It is a major scale with a flat 7
285
mp
Moderatley soft
| mezzo piano
286
What minor mode provides the V7
Harmonic Minor
287
Homophonic Harmony
Notes harmonized and played simultaneously
288
Basic bass groove (Rock)
Even 8ths
Mix 1/4 and 1/8
Half and Quarter notes
289
Subdominant function chords in minor key
IIdim, IV-, bVI, bVII
290
Dissonant intervals
2nd, 7th
291
What intervals are used to build an augmented 7th chord
An augmented triad with a min 7th
292
When stemming chords which way does the stem go
Opposite direction of the note furthest firm the venter line
293
Which related II chords are diatonic to a given key
III-7, VI-7, VII-7(b5)
294
Harmonic Minor Diatonic Scale (Chords)
Min, Dim, Aug, Min, Maj, Maj, Dim, Min
295
Which secondary dominant is unique in hat it has only one tension
V7/II
296
Funk based drum Rhythms
1.
Cymbal - 8ths
Snare - 2& 4
Kick - Syncopated 16
2.
Cymbal - 8ths (even)
Snare and Kick - syncopated 16ths
3.
Cymbal - 16ths
Snare - syncopated 16ths
Kick - 8ths
297
How is a perfect cadence unique
Both the final I chord and the preceding V chord must be in root position and the top note of the final chord or melody note must be scale degree 1
298
How is a deceptive 7 chord analyzed
An arrow points to the chord it moves to but the parenthesis are used around the target since it is also a dominant chord
299
Which chord is considered modal dominant, why
V-7 is built from the "dominant" scale degree and is expected to resolve down a 5th but it does not create a tritone.
300
Which minor SD chords are heard as modal and therefor brighter
II-7, IV7
301
What are the most commonly used secondary dominants in minor
V7/IV and V7/V
302
7 chords in Dorian
I-7, II-7, IIImaj7, IV7, V-7, VI-7(b5), VIImaj7
303
What is a deceptive resolution
A deceptive resolution is a chord progression where a secondary dominant moves to a dominant function chord rather than a subdominant function chord ie
Imaj7 to V7/IV to IV7
304
Why do subdominant chords create a softer resolution
They contain the tonic of the key
305
Dominant chords in Minor
V7, VIIdim7
306
7 chords in harmonic minor
I-(Maj7), II-7(b5), IIIaugMaj7, IV-7m V7, VImaj7, VIIdim7
307
7 chords in melodic minor
I-(maj7), II-7, IIIaug7, IV7, V7, VI-7(b5), VII-7(b5)
308
What are the defining characteristics of minor tonic chords
They contain the b3 and NOT the b6
309
Pentatonic scale
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
310
Figured Bass Symbold 7 chords
Root. 1st. 2nd. 3rd
7 6. 6. 6
5. 5. 4. 4
3. 3. 3. 2
311
Figured Bass figures
Root. 1st. 2nd.
5 6. 6.
3 3 4
312
Harmonics
Lightly touching the string with a finger
313
Glissando
Series of successive pitches played quickly
314
Pizzicato
Strings are plucked by fingers
315
Trill
The quick alternation of two pitches
316
4 groups of orchestral instruments
Strings, brass, woodwind, percussion
317
What is ternary form
ABA
318
What are the two roots of the whole tone scale
C and D flat
