classification

Question 1

define classification

Answer 1

process by which organisms are sorted into groups

Question 2

what are the taxonomic groups

Answer 2

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 3

what caused the addition of the domain class

Answer 3

genetic analysis

Question 4

why do scientists classify organisms

Answer 4

identify species

predict characteristics

find evolutionary links

Question 5

define species

Answer 5

group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 6

why do organisms produced from reproduction between species

Answer 6

odd number of chromsomes

Question 7

before classification how were organisms ordered

Answer 7

observable physical characteristics, behaviour or habitat (common names)

Question 8

why is binomial nomenclature used

Answer 8

useful for scientists working internationally

Question 9

define animal kingdom

Answer 9

organism that moves, ate, grew to certain size and stopped growing

Question 10

define plant kingdom

Answer 10

organisms that doesn’t move, eat and grows throughout their life

Question 11

what are the 5 kingdoms

Answer 11

prokaryotae

protoctista

fungi

plantae

animalia

Question 12

define woese’s system

Answer 12

uses difference in the sequence of rRNA and cells’ membrane structure and their sensitivity to antibiotics

Question 13

what are the 3 domains

Answer 13

eukarya

archaea

bacteria

Question 14

where are archeabacteria found

Answer 14

can live in extreme environments

Question 15

where are eubacteria found

Answer 15

found in all environments

Question 16

define phylogeny

Answer 16

evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 17

what are advantages of phylogeny

Answer 17

can be don without reference to linnaean classification

produces a continuous tree

Question 18

define evolution

Answer 18

describes the way organisms change over time as a result of natural selection

Question 19

define uniformitarianism

Answer 19

the earth is shape by forces that are still in action

Question 20

why is it an advantage that darwin brought back organisms for other scientists to analyse

Answer 20

enable scientists to see specimens first hand

and spot characteristics and links between organisms that darwin had not

Question 21

how are fossils formed

Answer 21

when organisms remains are preserved in rocks

Question 22

what is a negative of fossil record

Answer 22

incomplete

soft-bodied or those that decompose quickly don’t have a chance to fossilise

and conditions needed for fossils to form aren’t always present

Question 23

define divergent evolution

Answer 23

different species have evolved from a common ancestor

Question 24

how is comparative biochemistry plotted

Answer 24

number of differences that exist plotted against the rate the molecule undergoes neutral base pair substition

Question 25

how does comparative biochemistry work

Answer 25

scientists can estimate the point at which the 2 species last shared a common ancestor

Question 26

when calculating std. deviation, you will find:

Answer 26

68% of values are within 1 s.d. of the mean 95% of values are within 2 s.d. of the mean 99.7 of values are within 3 s.d. of the mean

Question 27

what are the types of adaptations

Answer 27

anatomical behavioural physiological

Question 28

define a xerophyte

Answer 28

organism that is adapted to live in an environment with little water

Question 29

what are adaptations common in xerophytes

Answer 29

curled/rolled leaves -- minimise SA of moist tissue hairs trap moist air close to leaf to reduce gradient stomata sunk into pit -- make them less likely to open thick waxy cuticle -- reduces water loss

Question 30

define analogous structures

Answer 30

structures adapted to perform the same function but have different genetic origin

Question 31

define convergent evolution

Answer 31

when an unrelated species begins to share similar traits

Question 32

how might convergent evolution come about

Answer 32

organisms adapt to similar environments or selection pressures

Question 33

what is an example of convergent evolution

Answer 33

marsupial and placental mammals

Question 34

what are the potential benefits of coppicing for biodiversity

Answer 34

lifespan of tree extended provides variety of light levels more light for smaller plants provides variety of habitats roots prevent soil erosion maintains soil quality prevent succession

Question 35

what happens to other types of diversity if habitat diversity increases

Answer 35

species diversity increases because more species live in new habitats genetic diversity increases as species have a wider range of conditions in which to live in

Question 36

how does creating dams improve the diversity of the ecosystem

Answer 36

reduced flow rate downstream creating still water slow moving water for aquatic species

Question 37

how does felling trees by beavers improve the diversity of the ecosystem

Answer 37

opens up tree canopy allowing light to ground level

Question 38

how does building lodges improve the diversity of the ecosystem

Answer 38

creates sheltered habitats for insects

Question 39

what might be arguments against the impact of beavers on rural businesses evaluate their arguments

Answer 39

loss of farmland due to flooding strength of argument depends on the area affected probably not strong argument as relatively small areas are affected trees cut down likely in area near water so not a strong argument

Question 40

how can a species evolved from an ancestor in a separated land

Answer 40

allopatric speciation different selection pressure mutation individuals with mutation reproduce alleles passed on directional selection

Question 41

what are conditions needed for speciation to occur

Answer 41

mutation natural or directional selection selection pressure is different from other populations time