module 6 (5) Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is vegetative propagation
natural plant cloning
how to increase plant numbers
splitting up bulbs
removing young plants from runners
cutting up rhizomes
how to increase success of cuttings
use rooting powder
reduce leaves
keep cutting well watered
cover with plastic bag
when is micrpropagation used
plant is rare
doesn’t readily produce seeds
doesn’t respond well to natural cloning
required to be pathogen-free
what is the use of sterilising tablets
keeps plant tissue sterile without being in a sterile lab
how do we do micropropagation
take sample of tissue
sterilise it
explant placed in culture medium
cells proliferate into callus
divide callus up and transfer to new culture medium
leave to become plantlets
plantlets potted into compost
define biotechnology
applying organisms to the synthesis, breakdown or transformation of materials for population
what is a single-cell protein
how is it made
quorn
made of fungus grown in fermenters using glucose syrup
microorgs are mixed with albumen and compressed to make meat substitute
what are the pros of using microorgs
reproduce fast
high protein content with little fat
use wider range of waste materials reduces costs
not dependent on weather, breeding cycles, etc.
no welfare issues
can be made to taste like anything
what are the cons of using microorgs
can produce toxins when not in optimal conditons
needs to be separated
proteins need to be purified to ensures its not contaminated
people dislike the thought of eating microorgs grown on waste
has little natural flavour
define bioremediation
microorgs used to break down pollutants and contaminants in the soil
how is bioremediation used
using natural organisms (outperformer)
or GM organisms
where does bioremediation take place
in the site of contamination
what are some techniques for inoculating agar
make zig-zag streak across surface
avoid digging into agar by holding loop almost horizontally
replace the lid and hold it down with tape but don’t seal it
what happens in the lag phase
adapting to new environment
growing rate not at max
what happens in log phase
rate of reproduction is highest
exponential growth
what happens in stationary phase
growth rate = death rate
what happens in death rate
death rate > growth rate
what are factors to consider when make microorg population
nutrients available
oxygen levels
temperature
waste build-up
change in pH
what is a primary metabolite
substances forming essential part of the functioning of microorg
what is a secondary metabolite
organisms produce substances not essential for growth but still used up
> pigments
what is batch fermentation
inoculated into fixed volume of medium
nutrients used up and waste builds up
during stationary phase, microorgs often carry out biochemical changs which form desired product
process is stopped before death phase
what is continuous culture
inoculated into nutrient medium
medium is added continually to culture once it reaches log phase
culture broth is continually removed
keeps the volume of culture constant
what has to happen to the useful part of mixture
separated
by downstream processing
expensive
