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bill - unit 2 > classification > Flashcards

classification Flashcards

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1
Q

what does hierarchical mean in classification

A

a system of ranking in which small groups are nested components of larger groups

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2
Q

what does nested components of larger groups mean

A

it refers to the hierarchical system in which smaller, more specific groups are contained within larger, more general groups.

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3
Q

what is the hierarchy of taxons from largest to smallest

A

-domain
-kingdom
-phylum
-class
-order
-family
-genus
-species

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4
Q

what are taxa

A

levels of classification

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5
Q

what do large taxa contain

A

smaller taxonomic groups

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6
Q

what are the largest taxonomic groups called

A

larger taxonomic groups are called domains

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7
Q

what is the smallest taxonomic group called

A

smallest taxonomic group is called species

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8
Q

what is classification

A

the organisation of every living thing into groups

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9
Q

what does classification aim to do

A

group organisms to reflect hoe closely they are related in terms of their evolutionary relationship

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10
Q

what does classification is hierarchical mean

A

that large groups are split into small groups of smaller size

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11
Q

what does classification is phylogenetic mean

A

that members of the same group are more closely related to each other than to members of other groups

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12
Q

what does classification is discrete mean

A

an organism can’t belong to more that 1 group at a taxonomic level

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13
Q

what is each group called

A

a taxon

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14
Q

what does every living organism belong to

A

1 of the 5 kingdom system of classification

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15
Q

what is the order of the taxonomic groups

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

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16
Q

what does the order of the taxonomic group show

A

that kingdom is divided into phylum, phylum is divided into class, class is divided into order etc

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17
Q

what is kingdom

A

the largest taxonomic group

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18
Q

what is species

A

the smallest taxonomic group

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19
Q

why is classification described as having a tentative nature

A

as its based on the information available at the time and changes as new information comes into line

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20
Q

what did studies of ribosomal RNA suggest

A

that there should be 3 domains

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21
Q

what is a domain bigger than

A

a kingdom

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22
Q

what are the 3 domains

A

-eubacteria
-archaea
-eukarya

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23
Q

what are eubacteria

A

they ate the true bacteria

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24
Q

what are archaea

A

they are also prokaryotic but are extremophiles

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25
what are eukarya
all the eukaryotic organisms
26
where do extremophiles live
where environmental conditions are harsh
27
examples of where extremophiles may live (temperature)
in very high or very low temperatures
28
what are extremophiles that live in very high temperatures called
thermophiles
29
what are extremophiles that live in very low temperatures called
psychrophiles
30
examples of where extremophiles may live (chemistry)
in acidic or very alkaline environments
31
examples of where extremophiles may live
in areas with high salinity or high pressures
32
what are the 5 kingdoms
-prokaryotae -animalia -plantae -fungi -protoctistia
33
what type of organisms are prokaryotae
unicellular organisms
34
what don't prokaryotae have
a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles
35
what type of ribosomes do prokaryotae have
small 70s ribosomes
36
what are prokaryotae cell walls made out of
peptidoglycan
37
how do prokaryotae get nutrients
by absorption from the environment through the cell wall by photosynthesis
38
describe prokaryotae
-all unicellular organisms -don't have a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles -have small 70s ribosomes -cell wall is made of peptidoglycan -get their nutrients by absorption form the environments through the cell wall by photosynthesis
39
what type of organisms are Animalia
multicellular organisms
40
how do Animalia get there nutrients
they are heterotrophic - they get their nutrients by ingesting other organisms
41
what is glucose stored as in Animalia
glucose is stored as the polysaccharide glycogen
42
what do Animalia cells have
a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
43
what do Animalia never have
chloroplasts or a cell wall
44
what type of co ordination do Animalia have
nervous co ordination
45
how does movement occur in Animalia
by protein contraction e.g in muscles
46
describe Animalia
-multicellular organisms -they are heterotrophic - get their nutrients by ingesting other organism -glucose is stored as the polysaccharide glycogen -their cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles - never have chloroplasts or a cell wall -have nervous co-ordination -movement often occurs by protein contraction e.g in muscles
47
what type of organisms are plantae
multicellular eukaryotic organisms
48
what are plantae cell wall made out of
made out of cellulose
49
what do plantae contain
chlorophyll in chloroplasts
50
how do plantae receive nutrients
they are autotrophic - use sunlight as a source of energy to make their own food by using photosynthesis
51
what is glucose stored as in plantae
glycose in plants produce by photosynthesis is stored as starch
52
describe plantae
-multicellular eukaryotic organisms -has a cell wall made of cellulose -contains chlorophyll in chloroplasts -they are autotrophic - synthesis their own food by using light energy via photosynthesis -glucose that plants produce by photosynthesis is stored as starch
53
what type of cells are fungi
they can be multicellular or unicellular but are all eukaryotes
54
what is the fungi cell wall made of
cell wall is made of chitin
55
how do fungi receive nutrients
they are saprophytes - they absorb nutrients from around the often decaying matter
56
what do multicellular fungi often consist of
long fine threads called hyphae which form a larger mass called mycelium
57
how do all fungi reproduce
all fungi reproduce by spores
58
what do fungi us glycogen as a storage form of
they use glycogen as a storage form of glucose
59
what can't fungi do
they can't move, can't photosyntheses
60
what do fungi never contain
chlorophyll
61
describe fungi
-unicellular and multicellular but are all eukaryotes -cell wall made of chitin -they are saprophytes - absorb nutrients from around them often decaying matter -can't move, can't photosynthesises and never contain chlorophyll -use glycogen as a storage of glucose -multicellular fungi often consist of fine threads called hyphae forming a Karger mass caed mycelium -all fungi reproduce by spores
62
what type of organisms are protoctista
unicellular eukaryotic organisms
63
what type of kingdom is protoctista
a diverse kingdom containing organisms which don't fit into the Animalia, plantae or fungi kingdom
64
how do protoctista get nutrients
they can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
65
describe protoctista
-unicellular eukaryotic organisms -can be heterotrophic or autotrophic -a very diverse kingdom containing organisms that don't fit into the Animalia, plantae or fungi kingdom
66
what kingdoms have eukaryotic cells
Animalia, plantae, fungi and protoctisata
67
what is a unicellular organisms that engulfs prey and photosynthesises most likely to belong to
a protoctista
68
what is the issue with common names
that different species can have the same common name so it is hard to identify what organism is being spoken about
69
what does every organism fall into and then what happens and what is It based of
every organism falls into 1 of the 3 domains and then get sub divides into increasingly specific categories based on common features
70
what is a species
a group of organisms with similar characteristics that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
71
what does it show when some similar organisms interbreed to produce offspring which are sterile
if the offspring are sterile then the organism arent the same species
72
what does the first word in the binomial name represent
the first name is the genus of the organism
73
what does the second word in the binomial name represent
the second name is the species name
74
why are binomial makes universally adapted
binomial names are universally adapted to avoid issues with local lakes and language differences
75
what are organisms in the same species compared to organisms than in a different genus
organisms in the same genus are more closely related to each other than organisms in a different genus
76
what does heterotrophic mean
something that depends on something else for its food

bill - unit 2 (7 decks)

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