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bill - unit 2 > gas exchange in insects > Flashcards

gas exchange in insects Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

what do insects have

A

a high surface area to volume ratio

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2
Q

what does insects having a high surface are to volume ratio name the susceptible to

A

water loss and desiccation - drying out

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3
Q

what us ab adaptation of insects for their terrestrial mode of life

A

that they are covered in a chitin exoskeleton which has a layer of waterproof wax on it

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4
Q

what does having a chitin exoskeleton mean insects can’t do

A

they can’t exchange gases over their surface as wax it not permeable to gases

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5
Q

why does the exoskeleton prevent insects from gas exchange over their surface

A

as wax isn’t permeable to gases

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6
Q

what do insects have in their exoskeleton

A

holes called spiracles

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7
Q

what are the holes in insects exoskeleton called

A

spiracles

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8
Q

what do the spiracles lead to

A

tracheae

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9
Q

what is a tracheae

A

a system of chitin lined tubes

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10
Q

what does chitin support in the tracheae

A

it supports the tracheae and prevents them from collapsing

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11
Q

where to tracheae terminate

A

they terminate in tracheoles which are close to the cells of the insect

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12
Q

where are the tracheoles in an insect

A

close to the cells of the insect

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13
Q

what are the tracheoles

A

they are the gas exchange surface

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14
Q

what is the gas exchange surface in insect

A

the tracheoles

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15
Q

what type of circulatory system do insects have

A

an open circulatory system

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16
Q

what does an open circulatory system mean

A

that blood is in direct contact with the cells and isn’t in blood vessels

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17
Q

what don’t insects have to transport oxygen

A

they don’t have haemoglobin to transport oxygen

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18
Q

how is oxygen delivered to the cells in insects

A

oxygen is delivered direct to the cells through the tracheal system

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19
Q

what is oxygen delivered to insect through

A

the tracheal system

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20
Q

what does the tracheal system depend on

A

it depends on diffusion alone through the tracheal system from the environment to the cells

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21
Q

what does diffusion aloe through the tracheal system from the environment to the cells rely on

A

on diffusion gradients which are maintained by respiration in cells

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22
Q

what is the diffusion gradient in insects maintained by

A

respiration in cells

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23
Q

what makes the oxygen concentration low

A

when its used in the cells

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24
Q

why does oxygen diffuse towards the cells

A

as oxygen is used in the checks which makes the oxygen concentration low

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25
what is carbon dioxide produced by
respiration in the cells
26
what does respiration producing carbon dioxide make the carbon dioxide concentration
carbon dioxide produced by respiration in the cells makes the carbon dioxide concentration high
27
what does the carbon dioxide concentration being high mean
that carbon dioxide diffuses away from the cells towards the spiracles
28
where does carbon dioxide diffuse away from and where towards
it diffuses away from the cells towards the spiracles
29
what do air sacs in. the insect act as
a store of oxygenated air
30
what are spiracles
a row of holes down each side of the insect
31
what ate the 3 sections of the insects body divided into
a head thorax and abdomen
32
what parts of the insect have spiracles
the thorax and the abdomen
33
what do most insects spiracles have
valves
34
why do spiracles have valves
so they can open and close to reduce water loss
35
what do spiracles being able to open reduce
water loss
36
what must the spiracles be ignorer to exchange gases
in order to exchange gases spiracles must be open
37
what stimulates the spiracles to open
a build up of carbon dioxide in the trachea stimulates the opening of the spiracles so that Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen rich air diffuses in
38
what do spiracles release when they open
they open so that carbon dioxide is release and oxygen rich air diffuses in
39
what stimulates the spiracles to close
the drop in carbon dioxide level in the trachea stimulates the spiracles to reduce water loss
40
what does a build up of carbon dioxide cause the spiracles to do
open to release carbon dioxide and oxygen rich air diffuses in
41
what does drop in carbon dioxide level cause the spiracles to do and why
it causes the spiracles to close to reduce water loss
42
what does spiracular fluttering describe
it deserves the rapid partial opening and closing of spiracles to allow gases to enter and leave
43
how is ventilation in insect accomplished
by muscular movements of the abdomen
44
what happens to the abdomen when the insect needs to bring in fresh air and what does this do to the pressure inside
the abdomen expands lowering the pressure inside
45
what happens to the abdominal spiracles and the thorax spiracles when insects breath in
the abdominal spiracles close and the thorax spiracles open
46
what does the lower the pressure in the abdomen do to the air when insects breath in
the lower pressure in the abdomen pulls the air in through the thoracic spiracles
47
describe the whole process when insects need to bring fresh air in
the abdomen expands, lowering the pressure inside. the abdominal spiracles are closed and the spiracles on the thorax are open the lower pressure in the abdomen pulls the air in through the thoracic spiracles
48
what happens to the abdomen when the insect needs to expel carbon dioxide rich air
the abdomen contracts
49
what does the abdomen contracting do to the volume and pressure during expelling carbon dioxide rich air
the volume lowers and the pressure increase
50
what happens to the thoracic spiracles and the abdominal spiracles during expelling carbon dioxide rich air
the thoracic spiracles close and the abdominal spiracles open
51
what is forced out of the open spiracles during expelling carbon dioxide rich
the stale air is forced out of the open spiracles
52
describe the whole process of expelling carbo dioxide rich air
the abdomen contracts lowering the volume and increasing the pressure. the thoracic spiracles closes and the abdominal spiracles open. The stale air is forced out of the open spiracles
53
what is the purpose of ventilation in insects
to maintain a concentration gradient
54
summaries what hapless during inspiration in an insect
thoracic spiracles are open and the abdomen is expanded
55
what is the insect flight muscle
a highly active tissue
56
what do the cells in the insect flight muscle contain and what do they do
they contain many mitochondria which utilise oxygen in aerobic respiration and release ATP to be used in muscle contraction
57
what do the mitochondria in the flight muscle utilise and what does it release
it utilises oxygen in aerobic respiration and releases ATP
58
what do the ATP released in the flight muscle get used in
muscle contraction
59
what dies the tracheoles in flight muscle do to the cells
they pass through the cells
60
at rest what are the tracheal ends
fluid filled
61
during flight what happens to the oxygen
it is utilised rapidly
62
during flight what respiration takes place
some anaerobic respiration takes place
63
what does anaerobic respiration produce
lactic acid
64
what does lactic acid do to the water potential of the muscle cells
it lowers the water potential of the muscle cells
65
how does water leave the muscle cells due to lactic acid being present
water leaves the tracheoles by osmosis
66
what is the result of lactic acid lowering the water potential of the muscle cells and water leaving the tracheoles by osmosis
there is more air in contact with the muscle cells raising the rate of diffusion of oxygen Into the cells
67
what raises the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the cells
the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration s it produces lactic acid which lowers the water potential so water leaves the tracheoles by osmosis so there is re air in contact with the muscle cells

bill - unit 2 (7 decks)

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