Classification

Question 1

5 Kingdoms

Answer 1

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes

Question 2

Classification

Answer 2

Organising living and extinct organisms into groups

Question 3

Importance of classification

Answer 3

Species identification, easier with organised groups
Predictive values, predict that another species will probably have characteristics if several group members have it
Evolutionary links, species in group probably share characteristics, evolved from common ancestor, predict evolution

Question 4

Artificial classification

Answer 4

Grouping of organisms based on analogous features

Not used in biological classification

Question 5

Natural classification

Answer 5

Grouping organisms based on phylogeny between organisms, ancestors
Use genetics, biochemicals, homologous morphological features

Question 6

Hierarchical system

Answer 6

Natural classification puts living organisms into 1 of 5 groups, then into progressively smaller groups with no overlap

Question 7

Domains

Answer 7

Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

Group of organisms, similar to each other, can interbreed to produce living, fertile offspring

Question 9

Binomial method of naming organisms

Answer 9

Genus, caps
Species, no caps
Both underlined

Question 10

Phylogeny

Answer 10

Classification based on evolutionary relationships between organisms
Shows divergence of animals from a common ancestor
Compare large ranges of organisms see relationships
Natural system of organisation

Question 11

DNA and RNA

Answer 11

Read base sequences, find similarities
If similar, related by common ancestor
mRNA easier to isolate, no introns
Mutations can change base sequences
Mutations confer diff advantageous characteristics
Overtime, some alleles increase, decrease
Eventually 2 groups cannot produce fertile offspring

Question 12

Amino acids

Answer 12

Order of bases dictates primary sequence

Only shows genetic makeup of 1 protein

Question 13

Courtship behaviour

Answer 13

Recognise members of their own species
Identify mate, capable of breeding
Form pair bond
Synchronise mating

Question 14

Receptiveness

Answer 14

Longer length of time, more likely to be successful

Either responds incorrectly, sequence ends

Question 15

Diversity index

Answer 15

Describes relationship between no of species and no of individuals in a community

Question 16

Diversity index equation

Answer 16

N(N-1)/ ∑n(n-1)

N=total no of organisms of all species
n=total no of organisms of each species

Question 17

Biodiversity

Answer 17

No and variety of organisms in an area

Question 18

Species diversity

Answer 18

No of different species and no of individuals of each species within a community

Question 19

Genetic diversity

Answer 19

Variety of genes possessed by member of species

Question 20

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 20

Range of different habitatas in area

Question 21

Measuring species diversity

Answer 21

Measure no and proportion of species in community

Question 22

Stability of ecosystems

Answer 22

Stable ecosystem, dominate by species than climate, withstand climate change
Low species diversity in extreme environments, less stable