Classification and evolution Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is classification?
putting organisms into grups by their similarities and differences
What is the order of the taxonomic groups?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What are the three domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
What is a species?
a group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What is the format of binomial nomenclature?
- Genus capital first letter
- Species lowercase
- All should be in italics or underlined
Why binomial nomenclature is used in all the world?
it is the same internationally
It shows the informations of relationships between organism
What are the five domain?
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
What are some general features of prokaryotae?
- Unicellular
- No nucleus or other membrane-bounded organelles
- ‘Naked’ DNA in the cytoplasm
- Small ribosomes
What are some general features of protoctista?
- Unicellular
- A nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles
- some have chloroplast
- Can be autotrophic and heterotrophic
What are some general features of fungi?
- Unicellular or multicellular
- A nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles, chitin cell wall
- no chloroplast
- saprophytic - feed on dead organism
- Glycogen store
What are some general features of plantae?
- multicellular
- A nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles, cellulose cell wall
- some have chloroplast
- Autotrophic - make their own food
- Store food as starch
What are some general features of animalia?
- multicellular
- A nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles
- Heterotrophic
- Store food as glycogen
What are four ways to classify organisms?
Behavioural
Anatomical
Embryological
Molecular
What are the evidence of evolution?
- Fossils – looking at the remains of extinct organisms and comparing to those alive today. Dating the rocks can give a timeline to the changes seen.
- Molecular biology – looking at the similarities and differences between DNA sequences in different organisms
- Comparative anatomy – comparing the anatomy of different organisms by looking at homologous structures
What is the difference between intra and interspecies variation?
Intra - within species
Inter - between different species
What are some genetic causes of variation?
- Alleles
- Random mutation
- Meiosis (Crossing over and independent assortment)
- Sexual reproduction
What are two general causes of variation?
Genetics and environmental
What is standard deviation?
a measure of how spread out the data is
What is the t-test?
compare the mean values of two set of data (significant diference)
What is the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficiant?
compare two set of value to see of there is a correlation
What are the three adaptation?
Physiological
Behavioural
Anatomical
What are some examples of anatomical adaptations?
Body covering
Camouflage
Teeth
Mimicry
What are some examples of behaivour adaptations?
Survival adaptation
Courtship
Seasonal behaviour - Immagration
What are some examples of physiological adaptation?
Poison production
Antibodies production
Water holding
