Classification And Evolution Flashcards
(31 cards)
Who produced the classification system adn what is it called
Carl Linnaeus
The Linnaean classification system
What are the categories in the Linnaean classification system
Domain
Kindgoms
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the different groups called
Taxonomic groups
What is each individual group referred to as and what are they called together
A taxon and together they are called a taxa
What is a feature of the Linnaean classification system
It is hierarchical which means the broadest group is at the top and most specific at the bottom
What do scientists use to identify organisms
Binomial names
What do binomial names consist of
The genus and species
What are features of the binomial name
Only the first letter of the genus is a capital letter whereas all other letters are lower case, and it’s written in italics.
What is the definition of a species
They are a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce live, fertile, offspring.
What are the 5 different kingdoms
Prokaryotae, animalia, plantae, fungi and protoctista.
Which kingdoms are eukaryotic
Animals, plants, fungi and protoctista are all eukaryotic
What is a feature of the eukaryotic kingdoms
The DNA is held in a membrane bound nucleus and the cells contain other membrane bund organelles such as mitochondria.
What are features of the prokaryotae kingdom (1)
They are all unicellular organisms and don’t have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
The DNA in prokaryotae forms a circular loop and is not bound to histone proteins.
What are features of the prokaryotae kingdom (2)
They get their nutrients via absorption from the environment through the cell wall or by photosynthesis
They have small 70s ribosomes
What are features of the kingdom animalia (1)
They are all multicellular organisms
They are heterotrophic and get their nutrients by ingesting other organisms
Glucose is stored as glycogen
What are features of the kingdom animalia (2)
The cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
The cells never have a cell wall or chloroplasts
Movement often occurs by protein contraction for example muscles
However it can also be due to cilia and other ways
Features of the plant kingdom (1)
Plants are multicellular
They contain a cellulose cell wall and chloroplasts
Features of the plant kingdom (2)
They are autotrophic and synthesise their own food using photosynthesis
Glucose is stored as starch
Features of the fungi kingdom (1)
Can be unicellular organisms multicellular
They have a cell wall made out of chitin
Multicellular fungi often consists of fine threads called hyphae forming a larger mass called a mycelium
Features of the fungi kingdom (2)
They can’t move and can’t photosynthesise and never contain chlorophyll
Fungi are saprophytes and absorb nutrients around them, often from decaying matter
Features of the fungi kingdom (3)
They use glycogen as a storage form of glucose
Some fungi are parasites
What are features of the kingdom protoctista (1)
They are a diverse kindgom containing organisms that are eukaryotic but don’t fit into the other groups
They are mostly unicellular however some are multicellular
What are features of the kingdom protoctista (2)
They can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Some can be parasites
Protoctista move in a variety of ways for example flagella or spreading which is called amoeboid movement whereas others don’t move.
What has caused changes in classification
Scientists have made discoveries changing our understanding of classification
We now look at protein and DNA sequences too as well as observable features
There have also been improvements in technology
