Classification and General Properties of Carbohydrates

Question 1

number of sugar units

Answer 1

monosaccharides (1)
disaccharides (2)
polysaccharides ( ≤ 3)

Question 2

number of carbon atoms

Answer 2

triose (3)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)

Question 3

number of carbons in D-Glyceraldehyde

Answer 3

triose

Question 4

number of carbons D-Erythrose

Answer 4

tetrose

Question 5

number of carbons in L-Ribose

Answer 5

pentose

Question 6

number of carbons in D-Glucose, D-Galactose and D-Fructose

Answer 6

hexose

Question 7

locations of the CO functional group

aldolase- ____
ketoses- ____

Answer 7

aldolase - end of carbon
ketoses - within/in between 2 carbon

Question 8

aka blood sugar; most abundant monosaccharide

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

milk sugar

Answer 9

galactose

Question 10

monosaccharide found in the seminal fluid

Answer 10

fructose

Question 11

found in nucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 11

ribose

Question 12

found in nucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 12

deoxyribose

Question 13

all of the ff. are examples of aldolase, except:

a. D-Glyceraldehyde
b. D-Erythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose

Answer 13

f. D-Fructose

Question 14

Stereochemistry of the compound

Answer 14

Dextrorotatory (D)
Levorotatory (L)

Question 15

position of Dextrorotatory (D)

Answer 15

right

Question 16

position of Levorotatory (L)

Answer 16

left

Question 17

2 monosaccharide units, joined together by a glycosidic bond/linkage

Answer 17

disaccharides

Question 18

2 types of glycosidic bonds

Answer 18

alpha
beta

Question 19

alpha - oriented ____

a. UP
b. DOWN

Answer 19

a. UP

Question 20

beta - oriented ____

a. UP
b. DOWN

Answer 20

b. DOWN

Question 21

1.) glucose + fructose= ___
2.) a. alpha
b. beta

Answer 21

sucrose; alpha

Question 22

1.) galactose + glucose = ___
2.) a. alpha
b. beta

Answer 22

lactose; beta

Question 23

1.) glucose + glucose = ___
2.) a. alpha
b. beta

Answer 23

maltose; alpha

Question 24

examples of polysaccharide

Answer 24

cellulose
glycogen
starch

Question 25

- unbranched polysaccharide - found nearly in all PLANT CELLS - cannot be digested by human - repeating glucose unit

Answer 25

cellulose

Question 26

- branched polysaccharide - major form of polysaccharide found in ANIMAL/HUMAN - majority are stored in the liver, some are found in the muscle - repeating glucose unit

Answer 26

glycogen

Question 27

amylose a. branched; 20% of total starch b. unbranched; 80% of total starch

Answer 27

a. branched; 20% of total starch

Question 28

amylopectin a. branched; 20% of total starch b. unbranched; 80% of total starch

Answer 28

b. unbranched; 80% of total starch

Question 29

main polysaccharide found in SEEDS/ROOTS of plants

Answer 29

starch

Question 30

T/F. carbohydrates forms a glycosidic bonds with other carbohydrates and with non-carbohydrates

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

T/F. carbohydrates modify proteins and their function by glycosylation

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

T/F. some carbohydrates are reducing substances (sugar with hemiacetal group)

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

Gold standard test for simple sugars

Answer 33

Benedict's Test

Question 34

what simple sugar does not interfere with Benedict's Test?

Answer 34

sucrose