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Hematology > Classification of Anaemia > Flashcards

Classification of Anaemia Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Anaemia is

A

Reduction in haemoglobin level or pcv level

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2
Q

Pregnant women have higher level of haemoglobin T/F. Why?

A

False

Due to haemodilution caused by expanded plasma volume.

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3
Q

Haemoglobin level is Highest and is lowest at?

A

Newborn and 2months

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4
Q

Adult haemoglobin level is reached at

A

Puberty

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5
Q

Grading of anaemia

A

Mild- lower limit-10g/dL
Moderate- 10-7g/dL
Severe- <7g/dL

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6
Q

Pseudo anaemia occurs when and what causes it

A

3rd trimester of pregnancy

Increased plasma volume

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7
Q

Various best methods for haemoglobin conc

A

Colorimetric
-Visual - sahli’s acid haematin method

Photoelectric
Cyanmethaemoglobin-most accurate
Oxyhaemoglobin

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8
Q

Pcv is related to haemoglobin conc by

A

3 times the value of haemoglobin conc in g/dL

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9
Q

Uses of pcv

A
  • detection of anaemia and polycythemia
  • calculation of MCV and MCHC
  • checking accuracy of haemoglobin level
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10
Q

Mention the 2 methods for determining pcv

A

Macro method- Wintrobe

Micro method- Microhematocrit

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11
Q

Colorless plasma is indicative of

A

Iron deficiency Anaemia

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12
Q

Pink coloured plasma is indicative of

A

Haemolysis

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13
Q

Yellow plasma is indicative of

A

Jaundice

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14
Q

Mention the different causes of Anaemia

A

Nutritional- Iron,folate, Vit B12 deficiency.

Infections- Tuberculosis, malaria, kala-Azar, HIV, Hookworm

Inherited- Thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, G6PD deficiency.

Blood-loss- Obstetrics problem

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15
Q

Mention all anaemia due to impaired RBC production

A
  1. ) Megaloblastic anaemia( Vit B12& folate)
  2. )Iron deficiency Anaemia
  3. )Sideroblastic anaemia
  4. )Aplastic Anaemia
  5. )Anaemia of chronic disease
  6. Anaemia of chronic kidney disease
  7. Anaemia of chronic liver disease
  8. Anaemia in endocrine disorder
  9. Myelophthisic anaemia
  10. Congenital diserythropoeitic Anaemia
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16
Q

Mention all anaemia due to RBC destruction (Haemolytic Anaemia)

A

Abnormality intrinsic to red cells
- Hereditary spherocytosis & Hereditaryelliptocytosis(Membrane defects.
-defectsinhaemoglobin( Thalassemia(quantitative), sickle cell(qualitative).
- G6PD and pyruvate kinase deficiency
Abnormality extrinsic to red cells
-Immune haemolytic(auto,allo,Drug-induced)
- Mechanical( March hemoglobinuria, cardiac, microangiopathic)
-Hyper splenism
-Direct action of physical, chemical and infection(Malaria)

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17
Q

Symptoms of Anaemia

A 
Pallor
Effort dyspnoea
Easy fatiguability
Tachycardia
Worst case congestive cardiac failure
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18
Q

An intense abnormal desire to eat strange substances such as starch or pica is associated with

A

Iron deficiency Anaemia

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19
Q

Anaemia manifesting during pregnancy is suggestive of

A

Nitritional deficiency of e.g folate,Iron

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20
Q

When a chronic alcoholic presents with Anaemia, aetiological considerations includes

A
  • Vit B12 and folate, Iron deficiency sec to bleeding
  • chronic liver disease
  • sideroblastic anaemia
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21
Q

Types of Anaemia that drugs cause

A
  • Hypo plastic Anaemia(cytotoxic drugs like phenylbutazone)
  • Megaloblastic Anaemia( methotrexate, anticonvulsant)
  • iron deficiency( Aspirin secondary to gastric blood loss)
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22
Q

History of jaundice or gallstone in a patient or even close relative could indicate

A

Haemolytic Anaemia

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23
Q

Peripheral blood smear is stained by

Study These Flashcards
A

Romanowsky stain

24
Q

Nomocytic Normochromic

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A

Red cells with normal size( Has a small area of central pallor

25
Microcytic hypochromic
small size, has a large area of central pallor
26
Anisocytosis
Significant variation in size of cells
27
Poikilocytosis
Variation in shape of red cells
28
Spherocytes
Small and densely staining with no central pallor
29
Target cells
Cells with accumulation of haemoglobin in center
30
Schistocytes
Irregular fragmented cells appearing as helmet shaped and triangular
31
Burr cells
Cells with many spiny, small, regularly spaced projections
32
Tear-drop red cells
Cells with a tapering drop-like shape
33
Polychromatic red cells
Slightly larger red cells with faint Blue-green tiny due to ribosomal RNA present
34
Howell-jolly body
Round, purple nuclear remnants in red cells
35
Rouleaux
Arrangement of red cells like a stack of coin
36
Reticulocyte contains RNA remnants. T/F
True
37
What dyes does RNA stain
Supravital dyes- cresyl blue or new methylene blue
38
What count is performed to assess the erythropoietic activity of bone marrow in Anaemia
Reticulocyte count
39
After reticulocyte formation in the bone marrow, where do they stay for maturation
2 days in the bone marrow | 1 day in the peripheral blood
40
What happens to reticulocyte production in Haemolytic Anaemia or acute blood loss
They are released prematurely, where they require more time(2days) to mature. Means there is an increase in reticulocyte(2 times) in Haemolytic Anaemia
41
Mention the causes of reticulocytosis
Acute blood loss Haemolytic Anaemia Response to specific therapy in Nutritional Anaemia
42
Causes of reticulocytopenia
Generally in deficient red cell production - Iron deficiency Anaemia - Megaloblastic Anaemia - Aplastic Anaemia - Anaemia due to marrow infiltration(Leukemia, Lymphoma, Metastatic cancer) - Anaemia of Chronic disease
43
Anaemias are classified as-,-&- under the basis of MCV
Normocytic Microcytic Macrocytic
44
Low MCH is found in what Anaemias.
Microcytic hypochric Anaemia
45
High MCH is found in
Macrocytic Anaemia
46
MCV is found to be normal in all types of Anaemia. T/F
False
47
Low MCHC is found in
Microcytic hypochromic Anaemia( in Severe Iron deficiency Anaemia but not in Thalassemia)
48
High MCHC is found in
Hereditary Spherocytosis
49
MCV is low in
Iron deficiency Anaemia | B-Thalassemia
50
The RDW is useful in distinguishing what Anaemias
Iron deficiency Anaemia | B-thalassemia
51
What are the red cell indices for microcytic hypochromic iron deficiency Anaemia
Low MCV,MCH & MCHC | Increased RDW
52
What are the red cell indices for Thalassemia
Low MCV, MCH | Normal MCHC & RDW
53
MCV <80fL Anaemia
Iron deficiency Anaemia Thalassemia Sideroblastic Anaemia Anaemia of chronic disease
54
MCV >100fL
``` Megaloblastic Anaemia Non Megaloblastic Anaemia Liver disease Haemolytic Anaemia Alcoholism Hypothyroidism Myelodysplastic syndrome ```
55
MCV 80-100fL. Anaemias
Aplastic Anaemia Chronic renal failure Myelophthisic Anaemia
56
What are some other investigations in Anaemia
Bone marrow aspiration Direct coomb’s test- test for autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia Iron deficiency- Serum iron, Serum Ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity Megaloblastic Anaemia- red cell folate, red cell vitamin B12, Serum homocysteine

Hematology (8 decks)

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