Reference Value

Question 1

RBC COUNT values

Answer 1

Newborn- 4.1-6.1 mill/mm3
Children- 3.6-5.5 mill/mm3
Males- 4.6-6.0 mill/mm3
Females-4.2-5.0
Pregnancy- slightly lower

Question 2

Haemoglobin reference range

Answer 2

Male-13.3-16.2g/dL

Females- 12-15.8 g/dL

Question 3

Pcv is also called -&-

Answer 3

Hematocrit & EVF( erythrocyte volume fraction)

Question 4

Hematocrit reference range

Answer 4

Male - 40-50%

Female- 36-46%

Question 5

MCV( mean corpuscular volume) definition
Formula
values

Answer 5

Average volume of RBC
Mathematically- hematocrit/RBC count * 100
Value- 79-97fL

Question 6

Mean corpuscular haemoglobin.
Definition
Formula
Reference range

Answer 6

Amount of haemoglobin in a single RBC
MCH- haemoglobin conc /RBC count * 100
29.5pg+-2.5

Question 7

Mean corpuscular haemoglobin conc(MCHC)
Definition
Formula
Values

Answer 7

Average haemoglobin concentration per unit volume(100ml) of PCV

Formula- Haemoglobin/hematocrit * 100

32-36g/dL of RBC

Question 8

Function of MCHC

Answer 8

Correlates haemoglobin content with Red cell volume

Question 9

RDW- Red cell distribution width is an expression of

Answer 9

Anisocytosis

Question 10

RDW is a coefficient of- & reflects

Answer 10

Of variation of distribution of individual RBC volume

Size variability of RBC

Question 11

Measuring RDW can provide insights for

Answer 11

Anemia

Question 12

Microcytosis

Answer 12

RBC smaller than normal

MCV - less than 80fL

Question 13

Microcytosis is associated with

Answer 13

Iron deficiency Anemia

Thalassemia

Question 14

Marked microcytosis with normal RDW is suggestive of

Answer 14

Thalassemia

Question 15

RDW values

Answer 15

Coefficient of variation- 12.8%+-1.2

Standard deviation of RBC RBC- 35fL-45fL

Question 16

Reticulocyte count
Formula
Values

Answer 16

(Reticulocyte counted/1000RC Counted)*100
Newborn-2-5%
Children and adults-0.5-2.5%

Question 17

Absolute reticulocyte count is

Answer 17

The number of reticulocyte in 1 cm3 of blood

Question 18

Absolute reticulocyte count formula

Values Assad

Answer 18

Reticulocyte percentage*Red cell count in millions/cm3

50,000-100,000/cm3

Question 19

Corrected reticulocyte count is important in measuring

What is the formula

Answer 19

Degree of Anaemia.

Reticulocyte count * PCV of patient / Average PCV for age

Question 20

What is Reticulocyte production index.

Formula

Interpretation of value

Answer 20

This is the response of the bone marrow to anaemia.

Corrected reticulocyte count/ maturation time

> /=2%(>100,000ul) is an appropriate response
<2%(75,000 ) is an inappropriate response for the degree of Anaemia

Question 21

What is the relationship between the maturation time of reticulocytes and PCV

Answer 21

Inverse relationship

Question 22

Which of the ffg statement is true/false

Leucocyte count doesn’t show a wide variability from birth and throughout life

Leucocytes shows ethnic variability

Total leucocyte count is high at birth

Neutrophils predominates after the 5-7 yrs

Neutrophils level peaks at birth for a neonate >28 wks of gestation period within 6-8hrs and this is the same time for that <28wks gestation

Neutrophils count increases over the next few weeks after birth.

Answer 22

F
T
T
T
F
F

Question 23

lymphocytes level drop in the first 3 days of birth. T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Lymphocyte level peaks on the 10th day after birth then predominates(60%). t/F

Answer 24

False- only predominates within 5-7yrs

Question 25

Neutrophils predominates again after 5-7years. t/F

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Leucocyte count slightly higher in boys than girls. T/F

Answer 26

False

Question 27

After menopause women WBC count drops less than men of same age. T/F

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Some women’s leucocyte count shows a rhythm with their menstrual cycle. T/F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Genetic factor controls the Neutrophil:Lymphocyte ratio in Africans and increases the Neutrophil count.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

Benign ethnic neutropenia occurs where

Answer 30

In 5% Africans < 1.5 * 10^9/L

Question 31

White cell count reference range. | Slightly lower in Africans

Answer 31

4-10 * 10^9/L 2-9 * 10^9/L

Question 32

There is a slight diurnal variation in platelet count. T/F

Answer 32

T

Question 33

Europeans have a lower platelet (10-20%) than Africans. T/F

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Strenuous exercise increases thrombocytes counts by 30-40%

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Women experience increase in platelet count at menstruation

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Women experience a decrease in platelet count in first year after birth.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Reference range for blood platelets. Africans have lesser value

Answer 37

150-400 * 10^9/L | 100-300 * 10^9/L

Question 38

Haemoglobin electrophoresis percentages

Answer 38

H A1- 96.1-99 H A2- 0.8-3.4 H F - 0.0-1.2

Question 39

Prothrombin time Definition Reference value

Answer 39

measures the time it takes a citrated blood sample to clot after Recalcification 10-14s

Question 40

PT measures what pathway

Answer 40

Traditionally the extrinsic pathway

Question 41

What clotting factors are involved in the PT test.

Answer 41

Factors | V, VII, II,X as well as fibrinogen

Question 42

PT is prolonged in

Answer 42

Warfarin therapy Liver disease DIC Deficiency/ inhibition of factors , 5,7,2,10 and vitamin K

Question 43

International Normalized ratio is

Answer 43

PTtest/PTnormal

Question 44

Activated partial thromboplastin time measures what pathways. Reference value- 30-40s

Answer 44

Intrinsic

Question 45

Reference range for factor VIII

Answer 45

55-145% of normal

Question 46

Reference range for factor IX

Answer 46

60%-140% of normal

Question 47

Haemophilia A is caused by? And what are the degrees of Haemophilia A

Answer 47

Deficient factor VIII Mild- >5% Moderate- 1-5 % Severe- < 1%

Question 48

Haemophilia B is caused by

Answer 48

Deficient Factor IX

Question 49

Bleeding time measures. | Reference value

Answer 49

Platelet function. | 2-7mins