Classification of Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Simple Epithelium

Answer 1

One layer of epithelial cells, and all of the epithelial cells are in direct contact with the basement membrane.

Found in areas where stress is minimal and filtration, absorption, or secretion is the primary function.

Question 2

Stratified Epithelium

Answer 2

Contains two or more layers of epithelial cells. Only the cells in the deepest layer are in direct contact with the basement membrane.

This tissue provides more structural support or better protection for underlying tissue. Cells in the basal layer continuously regenerate as the cells in the apical layer are lost due to abrasion or stress.

Question 3

Psuedostratified Epithelium

Answer 3

Appears layered.
All cells are attached to the basement membrane, some of them do not reach apical surface.

Question 4

Squamous

Answer 4

Flat, wide, and somewhat irregular in shape.

Question 5

Cuboidal

Answer 5

Tall as they are wide. Rounded corners and edges.

Question 6

Columnar

Answer 6

Slender and taller than they are wide. Cell nucleus is oval and usually oriented lengthwise and in the basal region of the cell.

Question 7

Transitional cells

Answer 7

Readily change their shape from polyhedral to more flattened, depending upon the degree to which the epithelium is stretched.

Question 8

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 8

Single layer of flattened cells.
Thinnest possible barrier to allow rapid movement of molecules and ions across the epithelium by membrane transport process.

Forms lining of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung.

Question 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 9

Single layer of cells about as tall as they are wide.

Absorption and secretion; forms secretory tissue of most gland ducts.

Lining of kidney tubules; thyroid gland follicles; surface of ovary; secretory regions and ducts of most exocrine glands.

Question 10

Endothelium

Answer 10

Name of squamous epithelium that lines both blood vessels and lymph vessels

Question 11

Mesothelium

Answer 11

Squamous epithelium that forms the serous membranes of the body cavities.

Question 12

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 12

Composed of single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide

Both absorption and secretion.

Nonciliated and Ciliated

Question 13

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 13

Contains microvilli and scattering of goblet cells.

Lines most of the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract from the stomach to the upper portion of the anal canal

Question 14

Goblet cells

Answer 14

Unicellular glands that secrete mucin

Question 15

Mucin

Answer 15

Glycoprotein that when hydrates forms mucus

Question 16

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 16

Has cilia that project for apical surfaces of cells.

Mucus covers apical surface of the cells and is moved by beating of the cilia. Secretion of mucin.

lines the larger bronchioles (air passageways) in the lung. Also lines uterine tubes, where it helps move an oocyte (egg) from ovary to the uterus.

Question 17

Psuedostratifed columnar epethilium

Answer 17

Appears to be multiple layers
Not all cells reach apical surface
Its columnar cells always reach the apical surface, and the shorter basal cells are stem cells that give rise to columnar cells

Question 18

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 18

Contains cilia on its apical surface

Protection; secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface

Houses goblet cells that secrete mucin; hydrates to become the mucus that traps foreign particles and is moved by beating cilia.

Lines the larger airways of the respiratory system (e.g., nasal cavity, part of the pharynx (throat), part of the larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchi)

Question 19

Psuedostratified nonciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 19

Lack goblet cells and cilia.

Rare.

Protection

Found in membranous part of male urethra (tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body) and epididymis (structure that stores sperm within the testis)

Question 20

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 20

Has multiple cell layers.

Only the deepest layer of the cells is in direct contact with the basement membrane.

Basal layers have a cuboidal or polyhedral shape, whereas the apical cells are squamous

Adapted to protect underlying tissues from damage caused by abrasion and friction. Stem cells in the basal layer continuously divide, to produce a new stem cell and a committed cell that is gradually displaced toward the surface to replace those cells that have been lost.

Question 21

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 21

Superficial layers of composed of cells that are dead.

Dead cells are filled with keratin.

Lines the epidermis (outer layer) of the skin.

Question 22

Keratin

Answer 22

Tough, protective protein that strengthens the tissue

Question 23

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 23

Cells, including those at the tissue’s apical surface, lack keratin and remain alive.

Nuclei are visible.

Tissue is kept moist with secretions such as saliva or mucus

Forms the surface tissue of the mucous membranes that line the oral cavity, part of the pharynx (throat), part of larynx (voice box), the esophagus, the vagina and the anus

Question 24

Stratified cuboidal epethilium

Answer 24

Superficial cells tend to be cuboidal in shape.

Forms tubes and ducts. Protection and secretion.

Tissue form the walls of the ducts of most exocrine glands. Sweat glands in the skin, and periphery of ovarian follicles

Question 25

Transitional epithelium

Answer 25

Limited to urinary tract.

Question 25

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 25

Rare in body Apical surface are columnar shape. Protects and secretes Found in the large ducts of salivary glands, the conjuctiva covering the eye, and a segment of the male urethra.

Question 26

Structure of cells in relaxed transitional epithelium

Answer 26

Basal cells appear cuboidal or polyhedral Apical cells are large and rounded

Question 27

Structure of cells in stretched transitional epithelium

Answer 27

Apical cells become more squamous

Question 28

Binucleated

Answer 28

Present in transitional epithelium. Containing two nuclei

Question 29

Which epithelium is suited for protection and why?

Answer 29

Stratified epithelium Due to its layered structure

Question 30

Which epithelium has goblet cells?

Answer 30

Ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium Ciliated simple columnar epithelium (MAY OR MAY NOT)

Question 31

Glands

Answer 31

Individual cells or multicellular organs composed of predominantly epithelial tissue

Question 32

Endocrine

Answer 32

Lack ducts and secrete their products, hormones, into the blood.

Question 33

Exocrine

Answer 33

Originate from an invagination of epithelium that burrows into the underlying connective tissue. Maintain their connection with epithelial surface by means of a duct.

Question 34

Unicellular exocrine

Answer 34

Do not contain duct, and they are located close to the surface of the epithelium

Question 35

What type of gland is the goblet cell?

Answer 35

Unicellular

Question 36

Multicellular exoctine glands

Answer 36

Contain numerous cells that work together to produce a secretion

Question 37

Acini

Answer 37

Clusters of cells that produce secretion in multicellular exocrine glands

Question 38

Structure of multicellular exocrine glands

Answer 38

Acini, one or more smaller ducts which form larger duct. Surrouned by fibrous capsule and extensions of the capsule called septa partition the gland into lobes.