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Physics GR.10 > Classification of matter > Flashcards

Classification of matter Flashcards

1
Q

Define matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

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2
Q

Define a molecule

A

Smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist.

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3
Q

Define an atom

A

Smallest particle of an element that can take place in a chemical reaction.

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4
Q

Define a compound

A

A pure substance that consists of 2 or more elements chemically joined together in fixed ratios.

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5
Q

Define a substance

A

Something that consists of 1 type of matter has a constant composition and cannot be separated into simpler components by physical means.

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6
Q

Define a homogeneous mixture

A

A mixture of uniform composition which all components are in the same phase.

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7
Q

Define a heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture of non uniform composition and consists of visibly different substances or phases.

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8
Q

Define suspension

A

A heterogeneous mixture of solid particles mixed with a liquid, which the solid does not dissolve in the liquid.

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9
Q

Define emulsion

A

A heterogeneous mixture with a stable distribution of a liquid in another liquid.

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10
Q

define solution

A

a homogeneous mixture of a solute and solvent

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11
Q

define solute

A

a substance that is dissolved in the solution

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12
Q

define solvent

A

a substance in which another substance is dissolved

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13
Q

define concentration

A

the amount of solute per unit volume of solution

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14
Q

distinguish between chemical and physical properties

A

chemical properties mean if altered will/can change the chemical nature of a substance while physical properties are those that can change without altering the chemical nature of a substance

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15
Q

define strength

A

ability of a material to resist stress and strain

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16
Q

define malleable

A

ability to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking

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17
Q

define ductile

A

ability to be stretched into a wire

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18
Q

define ferromagnetic

A

a substance that can be easily magnetized so as to easily be attracted to a magnet

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19
Q

what is a magnetic alloy

A

metals that contain at least 1 of the 3 main magnetic elements (iron. copper, nickel)

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20
Q

define melting point

A

Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

21
Q

define boiling point

A

the temperature of a liquid at which its vapor pressure equals the external (atmospheric) pressure

22
Q

what is a semi-conductor

A

a substance that can conduct electricity under certain conditions

23
Q

what is the difference between physical and chemical change

A

physical change is when no new substance is formed while chemical change is when a new substance or substances is formed

24
Q

what is thermal conductivity

A

ability of a material to conduct heat

25
Q

what are thermal conductors and insulators

A

conductor- allow heat (energy) to pass through them

insulators- do not allow heat (energy) to pass through them

26
Q

define electrical conductivity

A

ability of a material to conduct electricty

27
Q

what are electrical conductors and insulators

A

conductors- substances that allow the passage of electric currents
insulators-substances that resist the flow of electric current

28
Q

define mixture

A

consists of different particles mixed together but not chemically joined

29
Q

give 5 properties of metals

A 
high melting and boiling points
malleable and ductile
shiny lusture 
high density
good electrical conductor
good heat conductor
some have magnetic properties
all solids (except mercury at room temp)
30
Q

give 4 properties of non-metals

A

many are gases at room temperature
low densities
they are brittle solids
good insulators (only carbon is a good conductor)
poor electrical conductors (except graphite)

31
Q

what is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation

A

simple distillation is for a solid and liquid mixture while fractional distillation is for a liquid and liquid mixture provided they boil at different temperatures

32
Q

name 3 magnetic substances

A

iron nickel and cobalt

33
Q

what is bromine at room temp

A

a liquid

34
Q

who created the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

35
Q

where are non-metals found on the periodic table

A

right hand side, including hydrogen

36
Q

what is group 17

A

Halogens

37
Q

what is group 18

A

noble gases

38
Q

what are halogens

A

diatomic molecules that exist in all 3 phases at room temp

39
Q

what are noble gases

A

non reactive monoatomic gases

40
Q

where are metals found on the periodic table

A

left hand side

41
Q

what is group 1

A

alkali metals

42
Q

what is group 2

A

alkaline earth metals

43
Q

what is group 3-12

A

transition metals

44
Q

name 5 characteristics of metalloids

A 
poor electrical conductors (conductivity increases with an increase in temp)
brittle
solids at room temp
not malleable 
not ductile
45
Q

name 4 chemical properties

A 
flammable
corrosive
explosive
combusts
pH
46
Q

name 5 physical properties

A 
melting point
boiling point
density(mass per unit volume)
malleability
smell
47
Q

what do ‘A’ and ‘Z’ represent on the periodic table

A

A- atomic mass

Z- atomic number

48
Q

name 3 uses of magnetic material

A

compass
MRI
speakers
bank cards (chip)

49
Q

define an element

A

pure substance consisting of only one type of atom

Physics GR.10 (4 decks)

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