CLASSIFYING COUNTRIES Flashcards

(6 cards)

1
Q

How are countries classified?

A
  • It uses a countries Gross National income per capita (GNI)
  • Based on a set of values or thresholds for each group

Updated each year + developed by the world bank (dont need)

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2
Q

All countries

A

High income, Middle income, low income countries

upper middle income countries
lower middle income countries

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3
Q

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS- HIGH-
INCOME COUNTRY

know 2

A

WIDE RANGE OF INDUSTRIES – high income countries often have a wide range of industries, including mining, processing, manufacturing, education, health care, scientific research and technology. Low-income countries often have a limited range of industries usually centred on farming and primary production

1:
GLOBAL TRADE- also affected on infrastructure (roads, ports and airports) and knowledge and experience, which assists in buying from and selling to other countries around the world

2:
LEVEL OF POVERTY: can be expressed as the proportion of those with incomes less than PPP$2.15 per day (PPP= purchasing power parity), known as extreme poverty

AVERAGE INCOME: GNI per capita is being used more as an accurate indicator of the average income of a country (don’t use)

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4
Q

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS- HIGH INCOME COUNTRY

know 2

A

1-
BIRTHING AND POPULATION RATES- low birth rates and slow rates of population growth. Access to contraception, choice in family planning, career choices, education, gender equality and culture contribute to this difference

2-
HEALTH SYSTEMS: high income countries usually have public health systems. People are usually able to access basic health care when they need it, regardless of their ability to pay

GENDER EQUALITY: High-income countries often experience relatively high levels of gender equality. In these countries, both males and females have opportunities and choices in education, employment, community participation, family planning and recreation.

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5
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS- HIGH INCOME COUNTRY

know 2

A

1-
FOOD SECURITY – People in high-income countries generally have access to a quality food supply. Natural disasters, such as floods and droughts, tend to have a more pronounced impact on the availability of food for those in low-income countries.

SAFE WATER SANITATION- Safe water and sanitation are characteristics of high-income and many middle-income countries. Access to safe water and sanitation is responsible for a large proportion of the variations in health and wellbeing.

2-
ADEQUATE HOUSING: Compared to high-income countries, many people in low- and middle-income countries lack access to adequate housing. They often live in substandard housing with poor ventilation, lack of heating and cooling, poor resistance to infestation of disease-carrying organisms such as insects, lack of cooking facilities and running water, and poor protection from the elements.

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6
Q

comparing countries

A

Life expectancy

Burden of diease- communicable and non-communicable diseases

communicable- typhoid, cholera
non-communicable- dementia, obesity, CVD

HDI

mean and expected years of schooling

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