CLASSIFYING COUNTRIES

Question 1

How are countries classified?

Answer 1

• It uses a countries Gross National income per capita (GNI)
• Based on a set of values or thresholds for each group

Updated each year + developed by the world bank (dont need)

Question 2

All countries

Answer 2

High income, Middle income, low income countries

upper middle income countries
lower middle income countries

Question 3

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS- HIGH-
INCOME COUNTRY

know 2

Answer 3

WIDE RANGE OF INDUSTRIES – high income countries often have a wide range of industries, including mining, processing, manufacturing, education, health care, scientific research and technology. Low-income countries often have a limited range of industries usually centred on farming and primary production

1:
GLOBAL TRADE- also affected on infrastructure (roads, ports and airports) and knowledge and experience, which assists in buying from and selling to other countries around the world

2:
LEVEL OF POVERTY: can be expressed as the proportion of those with incomes less than PPP$2.15 per day (PPP= purchasing power parity), known as extreme poverty

AVERAGE INCOME: GNI per capita is being used more as an accurate indicator of the average income of a country (don’t use)

Question 4

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS- HIGH INCOME COUNTRY

know 2

Answer 4

1-
BIRTHING AND POPULATION RATES- low birth rates and slow rates of population growth. Access to contraception, choice in family planning, career choices, education, gender equality and culture contribute to this difference

2-
HEALTH SYSTEMS: high income countries usually have public health systems. People are usually able to access basic health care when they need it, regardless of their ability to pay

GENDER EQUALITY: High-income countries often experience relatively high levels of gender equality. In these countries, both males and females have opportunities and choices in education, employment, community participation, family planning and recreation.

Question 5

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS- HIGH INCOME COUNTRY

know 2

Answer 5

1-
FOOD SECURITY – People in high-income countries generally have access to a quality food supply. Natural disasters, such as floods and droughts, tend to have a more pronounced impact on the availability of food for those in low-income countries.

SAFE WATER SANITATION- Safe water and sanitation are characteristics of high-income and many middle-income countries. Access to safe water and sanitation is responsible for a large proportion of the variations in health and wellbeing.

2-
ADEQUATE HOUSING: Compared to high-income countries, many people in low- and middle-income countries lack access to adequate housing. They often live in substandard housing with poor ventilation, lack of heating and cooling, poor resistance to infestation of disease-carrying organisms such as insects, lack of cooking facilities and running water, and poor protection from the elements.

Question 6

comparing countries

Answer 6

Life expectancy

Burden of diease- communicable and non-communicable diseases

communicable- typhoid, cholera
non-communicable- dementia, obesity, CVD

HDI

mean and expected years of schooling