Clear Thinking in a confusing world Flashcards
Who was the founder of empiricism?
David Hume
Who were the founders of rationalism? (2)
Aristotle and Descartes
Empiricism is a form of ____ reasoning.
Inductive
Rationalism is a form of _____ reasoning.
Deductive
Define syllogism
A form of reasoning where two propositions deduce a third.
Define fallacy
A deceptive or misleading argument.
Define Hasty Generalisation
A claim based on too small of a sample
Define equivocation
A key word that shifts meaning in the middle of an argument
What is the art of rhetoric according to the Greeks?
A ways of making arguments that convince.
Why does science tend to use both observations and logic?
Because, to be sound, arguments need to be both valid and have true premises.
In science, what is an argument?
A series of statements (propositions) or sentences intended to establish a conclusion.
What is a logical fallacy?
A faulty argument based on flawed logic.
What does a valid argument contain?
Premises that support a conclusion.
