Climate

Question 1

Long term; global changes in the atmosphere

Answer 1

Climate

Question 2

Where do these climate records come from

Answer 2

Proxies
Ice cores
Oxygen isotopes 
Foraminifera 
Tree rings
Coral growth rings
Leaf margins 
Habitat reconstruction

Question 3

Anything that represents something else

Answer 3

Proxies

Question 4

— tells us about the past temperatures

Answer 4

Paleotemperature proxy

Question 5

Preserve tiny bubbles that hold atmosphere samples of carbon dioxide from when they crystallized

Answer 5

Ice cores

Question 6

— is layered, so drilling into it all the way to the bottom you can count the —

Answer 6

Ice; rings/bands

Question 7

— and — can tell us about temperature

Answer 7

Oxygen and water

Question 8

Lots of ice sheets =

Answer 8

Ocean has a higher Oxygen 18/Oxygen16 ratio

Question 9

No ice sheets =

Answer 9

Ocean has a lower Oxygen 18/Oxygen16 ratio

Question 10

Ice sheets have a — Oxygen 18/Oxygen 16 ratio which makes the ratio in the ocean —

Answer 10

Lower; higher

Question 11

— from H2O is recorded in — that oceans organisms produce

Answer 11

O2; calcite

Question 12

Tiny organisms that make calcium carbonate skeletons

Answer 12

Foraminifera

Question 13

Foraminifera become — to help produce climate records

Answer 13

Sediment in deep ocean

Question 14

When climate gets warmer, 18O/16O ratio of seawater will —

Answer 14

Decrease

Question 15

Foraminiferal O2 isotope and calculated temperature record is used for — temp records

Answer 15

Cenozoic

Question 16

Oxygen isotopes are — and do not —

Answer 16

Stable; decay

Question 17

Annual paleoclimate records

Answer 17

Tree rings

Question 18

Tree rings grow in — conditions producing a new ring —

Answer 18

Favorable; every year

Question 19

Tree rings are a — climate proxy

Answer 19

Localized

Question 20

The — housed the oldest organism that was — years old

Answer 20

Bristlecone pine; 5000

Question 21

Oxygen isotopes in carbon; records can be 1000s of years old

Answer 21

Coral growth rings

Question 22

The — of the record is related to the — of the record

Answer 22

Length; resolution

Question 23

How detailed the proxy record is

Answer 23

Resolution

Question 24

How far back in time the proxy record can be used

Answer 24

Length

Question 25

--- would not be useful for examining anthropogenic climate changes that occured I'm the last few 100 years

Answer 25

Foraminifera in Ocean sediment Cores

Question 26

Smooth edges of a leaf = | Jagged edges of a leaf =

Answer 26

Warm climate; cold climate

Question 27

Finding alligators in Alaska means the climate was at one time ---. This is an example of ---

Answer 27

Suitable for alligators unlike Alaska's climate today; habitat reconstruction

Question 28

Ice sheet is a record of ----

Answer 28

Evaporation

Question 29

The 18O/16O ratio of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is --- than the ocean

Answer 29

Lower

Question 30

Short term; local changes in the atmosphere

Answer 30

Weather