Climatology Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: categories?
A
A
B
C
D
E
2
Q
Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: A?
A
megathermal; tropical climate
winterless
22-23 deg C
avg T of coldest month >18 deg C
3
Q
Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: B?
A
Xerophytic; Dry, arid climate
evap>precipitation
4
Q
Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: C?
A
Mesothermal; Warm temperate climate
warm temperate
22o N/S to 40oN/S
well developed winter and summer
T of coldest month <18 deg C bt > -3deg C; T of warmest month >10deg C but less than 22 deg C
5
Q
Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: D
A
Microthermal; Cool Temperate climate
Cool temperate- 40o N/S to 65o N/S
T of coldest month < -3deg C and T of warmest month > 10deg C but less than 22 deg C
6
Q
Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: E
A
Hekistothermal; cold/polar climate
beyomd 65oN/S
summerless climate
7
Q
Koeppen’s classification: mesoscale divisions: categories?
A
f: rf in all months
m: max rf in summer
s: summer dry
w: winter dry
For B: s→ semi arid/steppe and w→ arid/desert
8
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: categories?
A
a
b
c
d
For B, h and k
9
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: a?
A
warmest month T> 22deg C
and
At least 4 months avg T >10deg C
10
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: b?
A
warmest month T< 22deg C
and
at least 4 months with their avg T >10deg C
11
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: c?
A
warmest month T<22deg C
and
less than 4 months with their avg T >10deg C
12
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: d?
A
T of coldest month < -38 deg C
13
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: h?
A
avg annual T > 18deg C
14
Q
Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: k?
A
avg annual T < 18deg C
15
Q
Koeppen’s classification: Af?
A
driest month rf >6cm
16
Q
Koeppen’s classification: Am?
A
driest month rf < 6cm but > (10- (marf/25))
marf: mean annual rf
17
Q
Koeppen’s classification: Aw?
A
“savannah”
rf in driest month < (10- marf/25)
18
Q
Koeppen’s classification: As?
A
coromandal i.e. rainshadow region
19
Q
Koeppen’s classification: BS?
A
if annual rf> 0.5* (20T + x),
where x=
- 280 if 7% of total rf is in summer
- 140 if 30-70% of total rf is in summer
- 0 if <30% of total rf is in summer
20
Q
Koeppen’s classification: BW?
A
if annual rf < 0.5* (20T + x),
where x=
- 280 if 7% of total rf is in summer
- 140 if 30-70% of total rf is in summer
- 0 if <30% of total rf is in summer
21
Q
Koeppen’s classification: BSh?
A
semiarid/steppe- tropical grassland or grassland of low latitude
evap> precipitation
rf >40cm and <76cm
T>18deg C
22
Q
Koeppen’s classification: BSk?
A
semiarid/steppe- Mid latitude grassland
evap> precipitation
rf> 40cm and <76 cm
T<18deg C
23
Q
Koeppen’s classification: BWh?
A
arid/tropical desert
evap>> precipitation
rf< 40cm
T> 18 deg C
24
Q
Koeppen’s classification: BWk?
A
arid/mid latitude desert
evap>> precipitation
rf<40cm
T<18deg C
25
Koeppen's classification: Cfa?
Humid subtropical
mild humid climate with rf in all months
‘f’: rf\>3cm (here evaporation is less as compared to tropics so criteria for ‘f’ is lower)
‘a’: at least one month T\>22deg C and at least 4 months with avg annual T \>10 deg C
26
Koeppen's classification: Cfb?
Temperate Oceanic
mild humid climate with rf in all months
‘f’: rf\>3cm (here evaporation is less as compared to tropics so criteria for ‘f’ is lower)
‘b’: all months T\<22deg C and at least 4 months with avg annual T \>10 deg C
27
Koeppen's classification: Cfc?
Subpolar Oceanic
mild humid climate with rf in all months
‘f’: rf\>3cm (here evaporation is less as compared to tropics so criteria for ‘f’ is lower)
1-3 months \>10deg C
28
Koeppen's classification: Cwa?
Monsoon influenced humid subtropical
mild humid climate with dry winter
‘w’: wettest summer month's rf= 10X rf in driest winter month
‘a’: at least one month \> 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T \> 10deg C
29
Koeppen's classification: Cwb?
Monsoon influenced Temperate Oceanic or Subtropical Highland
mild humid climate with dry winter
‘w’: wettest summer month's rf= 10X rf in driest winter month
‘b’: all months \< 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T \> 10deg C
30
Koeppen's classification: Cwc?
Monsoon influenced sub polar oceanic OR cold sub tropical highland
mild humid climate with dry winter
‘w’: wettest summer month's rf= 10X rf in driest winter month
‘c’: 1-3 months \> 10 deg C
31
Koeppen's classification: Csa?
Hot summer Mediterranean
mild humid climate with dry summer
‘s’: any summer month rf \<3cm and rf in wettest month in winter=3X rf in driest month in summer
‘a’: at least one month \> 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T \> 10deg C
32
Koeppen's classification: Csb?
Warm summer Mediterranean
mild humid climate with dry summer
‘s’: any summer month rf \<3cm and rf in wettest month in winter=3X rf in driest month in summer
‘b’: all months \< 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T \> 10deg C
33
Koeppen's classification: Csc?
Cold summer mediterranean
mild humid climate with dry summer
‘s’: any summer month rf \<3cm and rf in wettest month in winter=3X rf in driest month in summer
‘c’: 1-3 months \> 10 deg C
34
Koeppen's classification: Dfa?
Hot summer humid continental
‘f’: rf throughout the yr
‘a’: at least one month \> 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T \> 10deg C
35
Koeppen's classification: Dfb?
Warm summer humid continental
‘f’: rf throughout the yr
‘b’: all months \< 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T \> 10deg C
36
Koeppen's classification: Dfc?
subarctic
‘f’: rf throughout the yr
‘c’: 1-3 months \> 10 deg C
37
Koeppen's classification: Dfd?
extremely cold subarctic
‘f’: rf throughout the yr
‘d’: coldest month \< -38deg C and 1-3 months \> 10deg C
38
Koeppen's classification: Dsa?
Mediterranean influenced hot summer humid continental
‘s’: dry summer
‘a’: at least one month \> 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T \> 10deg C
39
Koeppen's classification: Dsb?
Mediterranean influenced warm summer humid continental
‘s’: dry summer
‘b’: all months \< 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T \> 10deg C
40
Koeppen's classification: Dsc?
Mediterranean influenced subarctic
‘s’: dry summer
‘c’: 1-3 months \> 10 deg C
41
Koeppen's classification: Dsd?
Mediterranean influenced extremely cold subarctic
‘s’: dry summer
‘d’: coldest month \< -38deg C and 1-3 months \> 10deg C
42
Koeppen's classification: Dwa?
MOnsoon influenced hot summer humid continental
‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type
‘a’: at least one month \> 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T \> 10deg C
43
Koeppen's classification: Dwb?
Monsoon influenced warm summer humid continental
‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type
‘b’: all months \< 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T \> 10deg C
44
Koeppen's classification: Dwc?
Monsoon influenced sub arctic
‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type
‘c’: 1-3 months \> 10 deg C
45
Koeppen's classification: Dwd?
Monsoon influenced extremely cold subarctic
‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type
‘d’: coldest month \< -38deg C and 1-3 months \> 10deg C
46
Koeppen's classification: Et?
Tundra type
warmest month T \<10 deg C but \> 0deg C
47
Koeppen's classification: Ef?
Ice cap type
warmest month T \<0deg C
48
Koeppen divided INdia into? names?
NIne climatic regions
1. Amw- Monsoon type with short dry winter
2. As- Monsoon type with dry season in high sun period
3. Aw- Tropical Savannah type
4. BShw- Semi arid Steppe type
5. BWhw- Hot desert type
6. Cwg- MOnsoon type with dry winters
7. Dfc- Cold, HUmid winter with shorter summer
8. Et- Tundra type
9. E-polar type
49
Koeppen's classification of India: Amw?
* western coastal region, south of Mumbai
* over 300cm rf
50
Koeppen's classification of India: As?
rf occurs in winter and summer is dry
Coastal TN and adjoining areas of AndhraP
rf 75-100 cm, from retreating monsoon in winter
51
Koeppen's classification of India: Aw?
in most of Peninsualr plateau except coromandel and Malabar coast
northern boundary roughly along TroCancer
rf ~75 cm in summer season
52
Koeppen's classification of India: BShw?
some rainshadow area of Western Ghats, large part of RJ and contiguous areas of Haryana and GJ
rf=12-25cm, mostly in summer
53
Koeppen's classification of India: BWhw?
most of western RJ
rf\<12cm
temp very high
vegetation almost absent
54
Koeppen's classification of India: Cwg?
in most of Ganga Plain, east RJ, Assam and in Malwa pla.
temp: 40o in summer to 27o in winter
80-200cm rf mostly in summer
55
Koeppen's classification of India: Dfc?
NE states such as Sikkim, ArunachalP and parts of Assam
WInters are cold, humid and of long duration; short but humid summers
\>100cm rf
56
Koeppen's classification of India: Et?
in mountain areas of UK
57
Koeppen's classification of India: E?
higher areas of J&K and HP
covered with snow for most of the yr
58
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: names?
1. AA'r: Tropical wet climate
2. BA'w: tropical humid
3. BB'w: temperate humid
4. CA'w
5. CA'w'
6. CB'w: temperate subhumid
7. DA'w: tropical semi-arid
8. DB'd: temperate semi-arid
9. DB'w
10. D': Taiga
11. E': cold Tundra type
12. EA'd: extremely hot and dry
59
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: AA'r?
tropical wet
P/E as well as T/E index \>128
rf occurs in all seasonsdense rainforest grow
along west coast and in Tripura and Mizoram
60
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: BA'w?
tropical humid
T/E\>128 but P/E is 64-127
rf is deficient in winter
thick forests grow
on eastern slopes of WG and in WB
61
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: BB'w?
temperate humid
P/E and T/E: 64-127
rf is defecient in winter
abundant vegetation growth
mainly in pats of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoam and Nagaland
62
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: CA'w?
T/E \>128 and P/E= 32-63
comparatively dry climate
suitable for grasslands only
large parts of peninsular India
63
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: CA'w'?
similar to CA'w, except rf occurs in winter
most of TN and neighbouring parts of AndhraP
64
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: CB'w?
temperate subhumid
covers most of northern plain of India
T/E=64-127 and P/E= 32-63
suitable for grasslands
65
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: DA'w?
tropical semi-arid
T/E:\> 128 and P/E= 16-31
steppe type of vegetation
northern GJ and southern RJ
66
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India:DB'd?
temperate semi-arid
rf is deficient in all seasons
T/E= 64-127 and P/E=16-31
steppe veg
in J&K
67
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: DB'w?
similar to DB'd, except that rf is deficient in winter
Parts of PJ, Haryana and RJ as well as some rainshadow regions in Peninsular INdia
68
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: D'?
taiga type
T/E= 16-31
J&K, HP, PJ and UK; AP, Sikkim and parts upper Assam in east
69
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: E'?
cold tundra type
in higher reaches of HImalayas
70
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India:
71
Thornwaite's classification of climatic regions in India: EA'd?
extremely hot and dry
T/E \>128 and P/E\<16
rf deficient throughout the yr
western parts of RJ
72
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions: recognised how many major climates of world? names? which ones found in India?
1. A: Tropical humid
2. B: Dry
3. C: Humid mesothermal
4. D: Humid microthermal
5. E: Boreal
6. F: Polar
He also recognised H as undifferentiated climate of highlands
only for found in India: A,B,C and H
73
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: Am?
Tropical monsoon type
avg annual temp of 27deg C
annual rf \>250cm
western coastal plain and Tripura
74
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: Aw?
Tropical wet and Dry aka Savannah type
avg T of 27deg C bt annual rf ~100cm
entire rf in summer
most of peninsular plateau and Mizoram
75
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: Bs?
semi arid or steppe type
in rainshadow regions of WG
avg temp \>27deg C
rf\<100cm, maily in summer
supports grassland
76
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: Bsh?
tropical and subtropical desert climate
avg T\>27deg C
rf=50-100cm
Large parts of GJ, RJ and SW Haryana
77
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: Bwh?
middle latitude desert
west RJ and Katchh of GJ
T\>27deg C
rf~20cm
supports only thorny bushes
78
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: Caw?
winter temp\<18deg C
most of rf in summer, amt decreases from east to west; though summer rf in winter due to western disturbances
most of northern plain
79
Trewartha's classification of climatic regions in India: H?
undifferentiated highlands where T are invariably low
snowfall in winter in higher areas
rf in summer as well as winter (due to western dis)
most of Himalayan region, incl J&K, HP, UK, Sikkim and Arunachal P
80
Hydrological Cycle: intro?
The hydrological cycle refers to a model of exchange of water over the surface of the earth from oceans via atmosphere, continents (land surface), and back to the oceans
81
Hydrological Cycle:
