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CLIN. MIC REVA Flashcards

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1
Q

The presence of ketone bodies in urine specimens may be detected by use of a reagent strip impregnated with sodium nitroprusside. This strip test is sensitive to the presence of:

a.Acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid

b.Acetoacetic acid and acetone

c.Diacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid

d.Beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone

A

B. Acetoacetic acid and acetone

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2
Q

Which of the ff. is the major organic substance found in urine?

a.Sodium

b.Potassium

c.Glucose

d.Urea

A

D. Urea

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3
Q

Which of the ff. will contribute to a specimen’s specific gravity if it is present in a person’s urine?

a.50-100 RBC/hpf

b.85 mg/dL glucose

c.3+ amorphous phosphates

d.Moderate bacteria

A

b. 85 mg/dL glucose

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4
Q

The final phase of degeneration that granular casts undergo is represented by which of the ff. casts?

a.Fine

b.Coarse

c.Cellular

d.Waxy

A

D. Waxy Cast

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5
Q

To detect more easily the presence of casts in urine sediments, which microscopic method can be used?

a.Fluorescent microscopy

b.Phase-contrast microscopy

c.Polarized microscopy

d.Brightfield microscopy

A

B. Phase-contrast microscopy

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6
Q

Composition of urine. Determine if organic or inorganic:

Phosphorus

A

Phosphorus = Inorganic

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7
Q

Composition of urine. Determine if organic or inorganic:

Creatinine

A

Organic

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8
Q

Composition of urine. Determine if organic or inorganic:

Urea

A

Organic

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9
Q

Composition of urine. Determine if organic or inorganic:

Ammonia

A

Inorganic

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10
Q

Catheterization is for bacteriologic and culture determination. Suprapubic aspiration is for bacterial culture and oncologic examination.

a.1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false.

b.1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true.

c.Both statements are true.

d.Both statements are false.

A

C. Both statements are true.

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11
Q

Alternative to catheterization specimen; safe and less traumatic.
a.3-glass collection
b.mid-stream clean catch
c.single specimen
d.afternoon specimen

A

B. Mid-stream Clean Catch

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12
Q

True about drug specimen collection except:

a.30-50 ml

b.May be witnessed or unwitnessed

c.Timed specimen

d.Urine temperature must be taken within 4 minutes from time of collection

A

C. Timed specimen

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13
Q

Thymol crystals preserve glucose and sediments well; Thymol crystals interferes with Mayer’s test for indicans

a.1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false.

b.1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true.

c.Both statements are true.

d.Both statements are false.

A

C. Both statements are true.

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14
Q

Refrigeration prevents bacterial growth for at least 24 hours; Refrigeration precipitates amorphous urates.

a.1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false.

b.1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true.

c.Both statements are true.

d.Both statements are false.

A

B. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true.

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15
Q

Determine if the urine preservative is for SEDIMENT preservation or GLUCOSE preservation:

Formalin?

A

Sediment

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16
Q

Determine if the urine preservative is for SEDIMENT preservation or GLUCOSE preservation:

Sodium Fluoride

A

Glucose

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17
Q

Determine if the urine preservative is for SEDIMENT preservation or GLUCOSE preservation:

Thymol Crystals

A

Glucose

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18
Q

Determine if the urine preservative is for SEDIMENT preservation or GLUCOSE preservation:

Toluene

A

Sediment

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19
Q

Boric acid preserves sediments well; Boric acid interferes with Hexokinase test for glucose.

a.1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false.

b. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true.

c. Both statements are true.

d. Both statements are false.

A

B. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true.

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20
Q

Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of:

a.Alkaptonuria

b.Phenylalanine

c.5-hydroxyindole acetic acid

d.Homogentesic Acid

A

D. Homogentesic Acid

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21
Q

Urine color: due to what substance?

Amber/Orange

A

Urobilin

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22
Q

Urine color: due to what substance?

Red/Pink

A

Uroerythryn

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23
Q

Urine color: due to what substance?

Yellow

A

Urochrome

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24
Q

Urine color: due to what substance?

Orange/Brown

A

Bilirubin

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25
Odor of Urine: a. Phenylketonuria
Mousy
26
Odor of urine: b. Tyrosyluria
Rancid
27
Odor of urine: c. Recto-vesicular Fistula
Fecaloid
28
Odor of urine: d. Trimethylaminuria
Fishy Odor
29
Odor of Urine: e. Isovalenic acidemia
Sweaty Feet
30
Nitrite in a urine specimen suggests the presence of: a.White blood cells b.Red blood cells c.Bacteria d.Yeasts
C. Bacteria
31
Urine Crystals Shape: Thorny apple:
Ammonium biurate
32
Urine Crystals Shape: Coffin lid:
Triple phosphate
33
Urine Crystals Shape: Envelope shape
Calcium oxalate
34
Urine Crystals Shape: Flat rectangular plates:
Calcium phosphate
35
Urine Crystals Shape: Dumb-bell Forms:
Calcium carbonate
36
Characteristics of Fecal Odor: Malignant tumors of the lower bowel:
Extremely Foul
37
Characteristics of Fecal Odor: Gas formation:
Putrid
38
Characteristics of Fecal Odor: Unabsorbed fatty acid
Sour
39
Characteristics of Fecal Odor: Putrefaction due to undigested proteins:
Rancid
40
Stool form and consistency: Steatorrhea:
Bulky/frothy
41
Stool form and consistency: Diarrhea:
Watery
42
Stool form and consistency: Excessive CHO fermentation:
Gaseous
43
Stool form and consistency: Constipation:
Scybalous
44
Stool form and consistency: Spastic collitis:
Flattened
45
SPERM distinct part: Contains mitochondria:
Neck
46
SPERM distinct part: 45 um long:
Tail
47
SPERM distinct part: 5 um long and 3 um wide:
Head
48
SPERM distinct part: Acrosomal cap:
Head
49
SPERM distinct part: Flagellum:
Tail
50
____________ general test for glucose and other reducing sugars; relies on the ability of the glucose and other reducing substances to reduce copper sulfate to cuprous oxide in the presence of alkali and heat. a.SSA b.Benedict’s Test c.Heat and acetic acid test d.Copper reduction method
B. Benedict's Test
51
___________ presence of any sugar (reducing or non-reducing) in urine: a.Renal Glucosuria b.Mellituria c.Glycosuria d.Oliguria
B. Mellituria
52
___________ presence signifies “infection” and “inflammation” within the nephron: a.Fatty casts b.Granular casts c.Glycosuria d.Oliguria
B. Granular casts
53
____________ indicates extreme stasis of urine flow. a.Fatty casts b.Granular casts c.Waxy casts d. WBC Casts
C. Waxy casts
54
___________ increased amounts occur in “vaginal contamination” and “irritation” of any kinds; Tamm horsfall protein is the major constituent. a.Mucus threads b.Yeast cells c.Bacteria d.Spermatozoa
A. Mucus threads
55
___________ only reported when observed in fresh specimens in conjunction with WBC a.Mucus threads b.Yeast cells c.Bacteria d.Spermatozoa
C. Bacteria
56
___________ easily confused with RBC, observed in budding forms. a.Mucus threads b.Yeasts cells c.Bacteria d.Spermatozoa
B. Yeasts cells
57
__________ found in urine after sexual intercourse, nocturnal emissions or masturbation. a.Mucus threads b.Yeasts cells c.Bacteria d.Spermatozoa
D. Spermatozoa
58
_________ is a term used in CSF (color) if presence of RBC degradation products are seen. a.Hemorrhage b.Icteric c.Xantochromia d.Effusion
C. Xantochromia
59
____________ is characterized by oligoclonal banding which remains positive during remission; has increased IgG. a.Myelin basic protein b.Multiple sclerosis c.Bacterial meningitis d.Multiple myeloma
B. Multiple sclerosis
60
If a fasting plasma gluccose level of 100 mg/dL is obtained on an individual, what is the expected fasting CSF glucose level in mg/dL? a.25 b.50 c.65 d.100
B. 50
61
With the development of fetal lung maturity, which of the ff. phospholipid concentratons in amniotic fluid significantly and consistently increases? a.Sphingomyelin b.Phosphatidyl ethanolamine c.Phosphatidyl inositol d.Phosphatidyl choline
D. Phosphatidyl choline
62
Phenylketonuria may be characterized by which of the following statements? a.It may cause brain damage if untreated b.It is caused by the absence of the enzyme, phenylalanine oxidase c.Phenylpyruvic acid excess appears in the blood. d.Excess tyrosine accumulates in the blood.
A. It may cause brain damage if untreated
63
Xantochromia of CSF samples may be due to increased levels of which of the ff? a.Chloride b.Protein c.Glucose d.Magnesium
B. Protein
64
The estimation of hyaluronic acid concentration by measurement of viscosity is useful in evaluating which kind of fluid? a.Spinal b.Peritoneal c.Pleural d.Synovial
D. Synovial
65
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE: pH alkaline:
Transudate
66
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE: S.G <1.015
Transudate
67
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE: LDH <200 IU
Transudate
68
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE: NO Spontaneous clotting
Transudate
69
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE: Cell count: >1000/ul WBC:
Exudate
70
Amniotic fluid is mostly used for genetic studies but may be used to check for: 1.Bilirubin 2.Fetal bleeding 3.Infection 4.Meconium 5.Fetal lung maturity Placental assessment a.1, 2, 4, 5 b.1, 2, 3, 4 c.1, 2, 3, 4, 6 d.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e.AOTA
E. AOTA
71
Biologic role of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is for further maintenance of late pregnancy ; After delivery of term pregnancy, hCG level progresses to detectable level within approximately 2 weeks. a.1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false. b. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.
A. 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false.
72
In spontaneous abortion, titers of hCG become nondetectable within 16-60 days with a median of 30 days. a. 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false. b. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.
NOT IN THE CHOICES SINCE THERE'S NO 2ND STATEMENT BUT TRUE.
73
Which of the following finding is consistent with a subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than a traumatic tap? a.Clearing of the fluid as it is aspirated b.A clear supernatant after centrifugation c.Xanthochromia d.Presence of a clot in the sample.
C. Xanthochromia
74
When collecting CSF, a difference between opening and closing fluid pressure greater than 100 mm H2O indicates: a.Low CSF volume b.Subarachnoid hemorrhage c.Meningitis d.Hydrocephalus
A. Low CSF volume
75
A “pseudocasts” are often caused by: a.A dirty coverglass or slide b.Bacterial contamination c.Amorphous urates d.Mucus in the urine
C. Amorphous urates
76
The mucoprotein that forms the matrix of a hyaline cast is called: a.Bence-jones protein b.B-microglobulin c.Tamm-horsfall protein d.Arginine-rich glycoprotein
Tamm-horsfall protein
77
Which condition promotes the formation of casts in the urine? a.Chronic production of alkaline urine b.Polyuria c.Reduced filtrate formation d.Low urine specific gravity
C. Reduced filtrate formation
78
_________ indicative of infection by G. vaginalis which covers most of the cell surface and extends beyond the edges of the cell. a.RBC Cells b.Glitter Cells c.Squamous Cells d.Clue Cells
D. Clue Cells
79
_________ pale blue leukocytes usually producing “sparkling appearance” in their cytoplasm. a.RBC Cells b.Glitter cells c.Squamous cells d.Clue cells
B. Glitter cells
80
How would you distinguish WBC from RBC? a.By the addition of NaCl b.By heating the sample c.By the addition of 0.5% Toluidine Blue d.By the addition of 10% HAc
A. By the addition of NaCl`
81
82
_____________ indicates hemorrhage in the Renal Tubules, “active Acute Nephritis”, found in healthy individual following participation in “contact sports” a.Squamous cells b.RTEc c.RBC Cast d.Caudate e.Glitter Cell
C. RBC Cast
82
__________ derived from the vaginal lining and lower portions of male and female urethra. a.Squamous cells b.RTEc c.RBC Csst d.Caudate e.Glitter Cell
A. Squamous cells
82
83.Most significant; presence indicates “tubular necrosis” and “renal graft rejection” usually found slightly ------- a.Squamous cells b.RTEc c. RBC Cast d, Caudate f.Glitter Cell
B. RTEc
82
_________ presence in the urine presents grave prognosisl referred to as “Renal failure casts” a.Granular casts b.Epithelial casts c.Waxy Casts d.Broad Casts e.WBC Casts
D. Broad Casts
83
____________ originates from the lining of renal pelvis, bladder, upper urethra; has the ability to reabsorb large quantities of water. a. Squamous cells b. RTEc c. RBC Cast d. Caudate e. Glitter Cell
D. Caudate
83
__________ usually seen accompanying Hyaline casts following periods of stress and strenous exercise. a.Granular casts b.Epithelial casts c.Waxy Casts d.Broad Casts e.WBC Casts
A. Granular casts
84
___________ most frequently seen in Pyelonephritis; presence indicates need to perform bacterial cultures a.Granular casts b.Epithelial casts c.Waxy Casts d.Broad Casts e.WBC Casts
A. Granular casts
85
________ indicates “extreme stasis urine flow” a.Granular casts b.Epithelial casts c.Waxy Casts d.Broad Casts e.WBC Casts
C. Waxy Casts
86
__________ soluble in alkali and heat; has sour or rancid odor. a.Tyrosine b.Calcium carbonate c.Sulfonamides d.Ampicilin e.Cystine
E. Cystine
87
___________ dissolved by dilute HAc with evolution of gas. a.Tyrosine b.Calcium carbonate c.Sulfonamides d.Ampicilin e.Cystine
B. Calcium carbonate
87
_________ often mistaken with uric acid but dissolves in dilute HCl (uric acid does not) a.Tyrosine b.Calcium carbonate c.Sulfonamides d.Ampicilin e.Cystine
E. Cystine
87
__________ appears as colorless needles that tent tot form bundles following refrigeration. a.Tyrosine b.Calcium carbonate c.Sulfonamides d.Ampicilin e.Cystine
D. Ampicilin
88
_________ cause of formation; inadequate hydration; clinical significantl tubular damage soluble in acetone. a.Tyrosine b.Calcium carbonate c.Sulfonamides d.Ampicilin e.Cystine
C. Sulfonamides
89
__________ formed primarily within the lumen of DCT and collecting ducts; provides immunologic protection from infection. a.Crystals b.Casts c.Glitter cells d.Lipiduria
B. Casts
90
_____________ associated with damage to glomerulus caused by nephrotic syndrome, severe tubular necrosis, DM and trauma cases. a.Crystals b.Casts c.Glitter cells d.Lipiduria e.Bubble Cells
D. Lipiduria
91
_________ Renal tubular epithelial cell containing large, nonlipid filled vacuoles. a.Crystals b.Casts c.Glitter Cells d.Lipiduria e.Bubble Cells
E. Bubble Cells
92
__________ Casts with tapered ends produced at the junction of ascending loop of henle and distal convoluted tubules. a.Cylindroids b.Urothelial c.Cylinduria d.Lipiduria e.Oval fat bodies
A. Cylindroids
93
_______ presence of casts in the urine. a, Cylundroids c.Urothelial d.Cylinduria e.Lipiduria f.Oval fat bodies
D. Cylinduria

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