Clin Phys 2 Flashcards
(53 cards)
What makes up the cardiovascular system?
- heart
- arteries and arterioles
- capillaries
- venules and veins
T/F: The cardiovascular system is NOT a feedback loop
False. It is
Describe systemic circulation.
Left heart applies high pressure to high-O2, low CO2 blood -> systemic arteries + arterioles deliver this blood to most tissues -> systemic capillaries allow tissue to take up O2 and release CO2 -> systemic veins return low-O2, high-CO2 blood to right heart
Describe pulmonary circulation.
right heart applies moderate pressure to low-O2, high-CO2 blood -> pulmonary arteries + arterioles deliver this blood to the lung -> pulmonary capillaries allow lung tissue to deliver O2 to and extract CO2 from blood -> pulmonary veins return high-O2, low-CO2 blood to the left heart
Which vessels are apart of the systemic circulation?
aorta, vena cava, portal hepatic vein, gastric capillaries, hepatic capillaries, hepatic artery
Which vessels are apart of the pulmonary circulation?
pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary vein, hepatic vein
What is relaxation of the heart called?
diastole
What is contraction in the heart called?
systole
What happens during diastole?
pressure within heart drops and ventricles begin to fill with blood (AV valves open)
What happens during systole?
pressure it applied to blood and it is pushed out of the heart into circulatory system
What heart stage causes a persons blood pressure to increase?
systole
What is the vessel path of blood after systole?
arteries and arterioles -> capillaries -> veins and venules
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle
What is the role of the left atrium?
receives blood from pulmonary vein -> passes blood to left ventricle (atrial systole)
What is the role of the left ventricle?
applies pressure to blood (ventricular systole) -> ejects a proportion into the arteries of the aorta
What is the role of the right atrium?
receives blood from veins of the vena cavae -> passes blood to the right ventricle
What is the role of the right ventricle?
applies pressure to blood -> ejects a proportion into the pulmonary artery
Explain the cardiac cycle.
atriole systole (atrial contraction forces blood into ventricles) -> ventricular systole (ventricular contraction pushes AV valves closed - 1st phase) -> ventricular systole (semilunar valves open and blood is ejected - 2nd phase) -> ventricular diastole (semilunar valves closed and blood flows into atria - early) -> ventricular diastole (chambers relax and blood fills ventricles passively - late)
What does flow mean?
the volume of fluid that passes through a tube over a unity of time (mL/sec, L/min, mL/min)
What does pressure mean?
the force that fluid exerts on the walls of its container (type of potential energy)
What does pressure gradient mean?
a difference in pressure between two areas in space (one higher, one lower)
When a pressure gradient is present, where does fluid flow?
from an area of high pressure to low pressure
What is the job of the ventricles? (hint: pressure:energy)
apply pressure (potential energy) which is converted to kinetic energy causing a forward movement of blood and bulging of walls)
What does the heart do? (2 things)
- applies pressure to blood during ventricular systole (pressure gradient)
- sends proportion of full (diastolic) volume into arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta) every single systole
