Clin Significance

Question 1

is a major carbohydrate present in the blood and serves as a primary source of energy.

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

It is usually obtained from ingested starch and sugar.

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

The glucose concentration is normally maintained at a _____ level.

Answer 3

Constant

Question 4

Excessive glucose is stored as inactive______ mainly in the (2)

Answer 4

glycogen

liver and little in the muscle

Question 5

Increased glucose

Answer 5

DM
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperadtenalism
Certain liber disease

Question 6

Decreased glucose

Answer 6

Insulinoma
Hypothyroidism
Hypopituitarism

Question 7

are simple lipids, formed in the liver by glycerol & fatty acids.

Answer 7

Triglycerides

Question 8

TAG

They are transported by_____,______ & constitute about ___% of fat, stored as source of energy in the tissue & plasma.

Answer 8

VLDL
LDL

95

Question 9

TAG

Increased levels are found in

Answer 9

hyperlipidemias
diabetes
nephrotic syndrome
hypothyroidism

Question 10

TAG

Increased levels are risk factor for

Answer 10

arteriosclerotic coronary disease
peripheral vascular disease
acute pancreatitis
hyperlipoproteinaemia

Question 11

TAG

Decreased levels are found in

Answer 11

malnutrition
hyperthyroidism

Question 12

It is the main lipid found in the blood, bile & brain tissues.

Answer 12

Cholesterol

Question 13

It is also one of the most important steroids of the body & is a precursor of many steroid hormones.

Answer 13

Cholesterol

Question 14

Two thirds of _____ present in the blood is esterified.

The liver metabolizes the _____ & it is transported in the blood stream by lipoproteins.

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

Cholesterol

Increased levels are found in

Answer 15

hypercholesterolaemia
hyperlipidaemia
hypothyroidism
uncontrolled diabetes
nephritic syndrome
cirrhosis

Question 16

Cholesterol

Decreased levels are found in

Answer 16

malabsorption
malnutrition
hyperthyroidism
anaemia
liver diseases

Question 17

Blood total cholesterol levels have long been known to be related to______.

Answer 17

coronary heart disease (CHI)

Question 18

In recent years, in addition to total cholesterol, ________has become an important tool used to assess an individual risk of developing CH since a strong negative relationship between IDL-C concentration and the incidence of CID was reported.

Answer 18

high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Question 19

______form the major portion of dissolved substances in the plasma.

They form the basic structural components of the body.

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

They constitute the enzymes present in our body & also secondary source of energy.

The other functions include distribution of water, buffering, transport of various components, defense & coagulation of blood in our body.

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

Proteins

Increased levels are found in

Answer 21

dehydration
myeloma

Question 22

Proteins

Decreased levels are found in

Answer 22

liver disorders
Nephrotic syndrome
malnutrition
protein due to hemorrhage.

Question 23

-Not affected by high protein diet

Answer 23

Creatinine

Question 24

-Serum creatinine is more specific & sensitive indicator of renal function

Answer 24

Creatinine

Question 25

Creatinine
= pre-renal failure
= renal failure

Answer 25

> 15

< 10

Question 26

Creatinine

Decreased levels =

Answer 26

muscle dystrophy

Question 27

-Proteins cannot be stored, broken down to amino acid → break down to give ammonia

-Ammonia = toxic
-Ammonia → Urea (Urea cycle)

Question 28

Urea

-Elevated levels =

Answer 28

protein breakdown
dehydration
vomiting
diarrhea
renal disorder

Question 29

Urea

-Decreased

Answer 29

liver failure
pregnancy

Question 30

= end product of purine metabolism

Answer 30

Uric acid

Question 31

Uric acid

-Increased =

Answer 31

gout, arthritis
impaired renal function
starvation

Question 32

Uric acid

-Decreased =

Answer 32

yellow atrophy of the liver