clinical anatomy of the elbow and forearm

Question 1

what are the parts of the elbow joint

Answer 1

Humero-radial joint
humero-ulnar joint
radio-ulnar joint

Question 2

what movement does the humero-radial joint do

Answer 2

flexion and extension

Question 3

what movement does the humero-ulnar oint do

Answer 3

flexion and extension

Question 4

movement of radioulnar joint

Answer 4

pronation and supination

Question 5

what hold the radio-ulnar joint bones ?

Answer 5

anular ligament
interosseous membrane ‘
articular disc

Question 6

interosseous membrane

Answer 6

sheet of dense CT that run obliquely

between radius and ulna

Question 7

during pronation and supination the Proximal radio-ulnar

joint..

Answer 7

Radial head rotates on the capitulum in the radial notch of the ulnar

Question 8

during pronation and supination distal radio-ulnar

joint..

Answer 8

Radius slides anteriorly
around the head of
ulna

Question 9

Radiocapitellar line:

Answer 9

A line drawn down the neck of the

radius should intersect the capitulum

Question 10

Anterior humeral line:

Answer 10

A line drawn down the anterior
surface of the humerus should intersect the middle third of
the capitulum

Question 11

“Nursemaid’s” Elbow/ Pulled Elbow

Answer 11

• Subluxation of the
radial head
• Radial head slips out of
the annular ligament

Question 12

Supracondylar fracture..Which neurovascular structures are at most risk in
displaced supracondylar fractures?

Answer 12

Median nerve and brachial

artery

Question 13

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture

Answer 13

Consequence of supracondylar fracture if not recognized and

quickly repaired

Question 14

what does an injury to the brachial artery lead to

Answer 14

ischemic flexor contracture of

the muscles of the anterior compartment

Question 15

Posterior dislocation of
the elbow joint..What neurovascular
structures can be
damaged

Answer 15

Ulnar and median nerves,

brachial artery

Question 16

Pronator teres

Answer 16

• Pronation

* Median nerve

Question 17

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 17

Flexes and ABduct the
wrist
• Median nerve

Question 18

Palmaris longus

Answer 18

• Flexes the wrist
• Resist shearing forces
when gripping
• Median nerve

Question 19

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 19

• Flexes and ADduct the wrist

* Ulnar nerve

Question 20

Flexor digitorum

superficialis(Middle layer )

Answer 20

• Flexes the wrist, flexes
the metacarpophalangeal
(MCP) and proximal
interphalangeal (PIP)
joints of digits 2-5
• Median nerve

Question 21

Flexor pollicis longus (deep )

Answer 21

Flexes metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
joint and interphalangeal (IP) joint
of the thumb
• Anterior interosseous nerve

Question 22

Flexor digitorum profundus(deep) function :

Answer 22

• Flexes the wrist, flexes
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint,
proximal (PIP) and distal (DIP)
interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Question 23

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation

Answer 23

Anterior interosseous nerve (lateral 2
tendons)
• Ulnar nerve (medial 2 tendons)

Question 24

Pronator quadratus

Answer 24

Pronation of the
forearm
• Anterior interosseous
nerve

Question 25

Borders of the cubital fossa

Answer 25

``` Line between the epicondyles • Pronator teres (medially) •Brachioradialis (laterally) ```

Question 26

Contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 26

Median nerve • Brachial artery • Biceps tendon

Question 27

Extensor carpi ulnaris(surface)

Answer 27

Extends and aDducts the wrist • Posterior interosseous nerve

Question 28

Extensor digiti minimi

Answer 28

``` Extends the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, proximal (PIP) and distal (DIP) interphalangeal joints of the little finger • Posterior interosseous nerve ```

Question 29

Brachioradialis

Answer 29

Accessory flexor when the hand is midprone position • Radial nerve

Question 30

Extensor carpi radialis | longus

Answer 30

• Extends and aBducts the wrist • Radial nerve

Question 31

Extensor carpi radialis | brevis

Answer 31

Extends and aBducts the wrist • Deep branch of the radial nerve

Question 32

Extensor digitorum

Answer 32

``` • Extends wrist, extends metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, proximal (PIP) and distal (DIP) interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 • Posterior interosseous nerve ```

Question 33

Extensor policis longus

Answer 33

``` Extends the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, and interphalangeal joint (IPJ) of thumb • Posterior interosseous ```

Question 34

Extensor | indicis

Answer 34

• Extends the index finger • Posterior interosseous

Question 35

Supinator

Answer 35

Supination of forearm • Posterior interosseous

Question 36

Abductor policis | longus

Answer 36

``` Abducts carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb • Posterior interosseous ```

Question 37

Extensor policis brevis

Answer 37

``` Extends the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of thumb • Posterior interosseous ```

Question 38

Extensor policis brevis

Answer 38

``` Extends the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of thumb • Posterior interosseous ```

Question 39

“Tennis elbow”

Answer 39

Lateral epicondylitis | Common extensor origin

Question 40

“Golfer’s elbow”

Answer 40

Medial epicondylitis | Common flexor origin

Question 41

venous drainage of the forearm -Superficial

Answer 41

basillic vein -axillary vein | cephalic vein empties into the axillary vein

Question 42

venous drainage of the forearm :deep

Answer 42

Paired radial and ulnar veins run with the radial and ulnar arteries in the compartments

Question 43

Colle’s Fracture:

Answer 43

-fracture of the distal radi -May have injury to median and/ulnar nerves or acute carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 44

Smith’s fracture:(reverse Colles)

Answer 44

``` "garden spade" Anterior displacement of the distal fragment -May have injury to median and/ulnar nerves or acute carpal tunnel syndrome ```