Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK 💪🏾 > Upper Limb Clinical Cases > Flashcards

Upper Limb Clinical Cases Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Shoulder – adducted and internally rotated-Loss of – abduction

A

Supraspinatus-Suprascapular (C5,6)

-Deltoid-Axillary (C5,6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shoulder – adducted and internally rotated-Loss of – external rotation

A

Infraspinatus-Suprascapular (C5,6

Teres minor-Axillary (C5,6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elbow – extended Loss of – flexion

A

Anterior compartment of
arm-Musculocutaneous
(C5,6,7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Erb’s Palsy
A

-• Damage to Upper Brachial Plexus C5,C6(C7)
-Arm adducted and internally rotated,
forearm extended and pronated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Erb’s Palsy-• Sensory loss
A

along lateral border of limb
(C5,6,+/
-7 dermatomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Erb’s Palsy- Clinically involved nerves are:

A 
Suprascapular: inability to initiate
abduction and loss of external rotation
• Axillary: loss of abduction to 90
degrees and external rotation
• Musculocutaneous: loss of forearm
flexion and weakened forearm supination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lower brachial plexus injury-

A

Damage to lower parts of brachial plexus - C8 / T1 lower trunk or medial cord
-Klumpke’s (KlumpkeDejerine) Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lower brachial plexus injury-Ulnar

A

FCU, med ½ FDP, most intrinsic muscles of hand, loss of sensation in medial hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lower brachial plexus injury-Med cut N of arm

A

Loss of sensation along medial aspect of arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lower brachial plexus injury-Med cut N of forearm

A

Loss of sensation along medial aspect of forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lower brachial plexus injury-Medial head of median

A

LLOAF muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lower Brachial Plexus C8 / T1-Sensory loss

A

medial
border of hand and forearm
and arm (C8 and T1
dermatomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Midshaft of humerus fracture-• What nerve is most likely injured and
what motor and sensory deficits are most
likely present?

A

• Radial nerve in radial groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radial Nerve-Origin

A

From posterior cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Radial Nerve-• Motor supply:

A 
• Supplies extensors of the forearm, wrist
and digits (via the radial n., deep radial n.
and posterior interosseous n.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Radial Nerve- Sensory supply:

A

• Arm – posterior and lower lateral
• Forearm – posterior
• Hand – dorsum of hand / lateral 2 ½ digits
(proximal part of these digits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radial Nerve Injury-Injury in Axilla -motor

A

Loss of ability to extend
the elbow joint.
• Wrist drop • Impaired grip strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Radial Nerve Injury-Injury in Axilla-Sensory loss:

A 
• Arm – posterior and lower
lateral
• Forearm
– posterior
• Hand
– dorsum of hand
-
lateral 2 ½ digits (proximal
part of these digits)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Radial Nerve Injury-Injury at the midshaft of the humerus-motor

A

-Retain ability to extend the
elbow joint
-Wrist drop • Impaired grip strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radial Nerve Injury-Injury at the midshaft of

the humerus-Sensory loss:

A 
• Arm - variable • Forearm – posterior • Hand – dorsum of hand
-
lateral 2 ½ digits
(proximal part of these
digits)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Median Nerve-Origin:

Study These Flashcards
A

lateral & medial cords

22
Q

Median Nerve-• Course:

Study These Flashcards
A

• Crosses anterior to elbow through cubital fossa
• Supplies all muscles in superficial and intermediate flexor
compartment of forearm except FCU
• Just distal to the elbow, gives off the anterior
interosseous
• Supplies the deep flexor compartment except ulnar
half of FDP
•Through carpal tunnel into the hand

23
Q

Median Nerve-•motor innervation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • palmar digital branches - 2 lumbricals (1st and 2nd)

* recurrent branch - OAF muscles

24
Q

Median Nerve-•sensory innervation

-•palmar digital branches

Study These Flashcards
A

•palmar digital branches - lateral 3 ½ fingers
palmar side and their distal phalanx on the dorsal
side

25
Median Nerve-•sensory innervation | -•palmar cutaneous branch
•palmar cutaneous branch - mid-palm (comes off median in forearm and does not pass through carpal tunnel)
26
Median Nerve Injury-Injury at/or above elbow
Weakened wrist flexion -Thenar wasting -Ulnar deviation (FCU unopposed) • Loss of flexion of index and middle fingers at DIP and PIP joints (FDP and FDS) • Loss of pronation • Loss of opposition of thumb • Loss of flexion of the thumb • Weakened abduction of thumb
27
Median Nerve Injury-Injury at/or above elbow-Sensory loss:
• Palmar aspects of thumb, index, middle, and half of ring finger up to the DIP on the dorsal aspect
28
Thenar wasting
Thenar eminence is flattened due to atrophy of thumb | OAF muscles
29
Median Nerve Injury-Injury at or above elbow
-BENEDICTION HAND - when patient attempts to make a fist -attempts to make a fist • The index and middle fingers stay straight -• The ring and little fingers flex -Thumb remains in plane of palm
30
Median Nerve Injury-Injury at wrist
``` • Flexor muscles in forearm are NOT paralyzed so no benediction hand. • Wrist flexion, forearm pronation and long flexor of thumb all intact • LLOAF muscles of intrinsic hand are paralyzed: • Atrophy of thenar muscles: • Loss of opposition of thumb • Weakened abduction and flexion of thumb ```
31
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Entrapment syndrome causing increased pressure in the carpal tunnel • Compresses the median nerv
32
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome-Sensory deficits
Paresthesia in the median nerve distribution in the hand (except central palm which is supplied by the palmar cutaneous branch), nocturnal pain common
33
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome-Motor deficits
Loss of function to muscles | supplied by median nerve in the hand
34
positive Tinel sign
n refers to distally radiating pain and/or paresthesia | elicited by percussing a superficial peripheral nerve
35
The Phalen maneuver
performed by apposing the wrists in goo of flexion. Paresthesia in the hand within 60 seconds is considered a positive test
36
Median Nerve Injury-Injury in proximal palm: laceration to the base of the thumb
``` • Recurrent branch • Motor only nerve • Flexor muscles in forearm are NOT paralyzed • OAF muscles of intrinsic hand are paralyzed • Atrophy of thenar muscles, loss of opposition, weakened flexion and abduction of thumb • No sensory loss ```
37
Fracture of the hook of the hamate-Which neurovascular structures are at most risk?
Ulnar nerve, artery and vein
38
Ulnar Nerve-Motor innervation
Deep motor branch to all the muscles of the | hand except LLOAF
39
Ulnar Nerve-Sensory innervation
``` • Superficial cutaneous branch - sensory to the palmar medial 1 ½ digits • Dorsal cutaneous branch: sensory to the dorsal medial 2 ½ digits ```
40
Ulnar Nerve-Course
• At distal third of the forearm gives a dorsal cutaneous branch • Divides into superficial branch and deep branch
41
Ulnar Nerve Injury-Injury at or above elbow
``` Paralysis of FCU; hand deviates radially • Paralysis of ulnar ½ FDP; lose flexion of ring & little fingers at DIP (FDS still intact for flexion at PIP) ```
42
Ulnar Nerve Injury-Injury at or above elbow-Sensory loss:
• Medial palmar 1 ½ & dorsal 2 ½ | digits
43
Ulnar Nerve Injury
``` Paralysis of hypothenar muscles • Paralysis of 3rd and 4th lumbricals: decreased flexion of at MCP and decreased extension at IP joints of ring and little finger • Paralysis of all interosseous muscles – ’metacarpal guttering’ • Loss of adduction of thumb ```
44
Ulnar Nerve Injury-At Anterior Wrist
``` • No paralysis of FCU or ulnar ½ of FDP • Paralysis of hypothenar muscles • Paralysis of 3rd and 4th lumbricals: decreased flexion of at MCP and decreased extension at IP joints of ring and little finger • Paralysis of all interosseous muscles –’metacarpal guttering’ • Loss of adduction of thumb ```
45
Ulnar Nerve Injury-At Anterior Wrist-Sensory loss:
Palmar part of little & 1/2 of | ring fingers
46
Right Ulnar Nerve Damage-Froment’s Test
``` Patient can’t “hold on” to the paper with adductor muscle, but FPL and FPB are intact (median) which allows for “holding on” by FLEXING the interphalangeal joint of the thumb ```
47
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus-What neurovascular structures are most likely damaged?
• Axillary nerve and posterior humeral | circumflex artery
48
Axillary Nerve- Origin:
• From posterior cord
49
Axillary Nerve-Motor supply:
• Supplies deltoid and teres minor
50
Axillary Nerve-Sensory supply:
Upper lateral part of arm
51
Axillary Nerve-Signs and symptoms of injury
* Decreased lateral rotation * Decreased abduction * Loss of sensation to the lateral shoulder
52
Humeral Fractures
* Surgical neck * Mid-shaft * Supracondylar fractures * Medial epicondyle

MSK 💪🏾 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions