CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards
(52 cards)
It is a branch of medical science that deals with the analysis of chemical composition of body fluids for diagnostic information on the state of the human body.
Clinical Chemistry
What are the main types of body fluids analyzed in Clinical Chemistry?
- plasma
- serum
- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- synovial fluid
- amniotic fluid
- urine
What are the two main origins of Clinical Chemistry?
- Development of scientific research in medicine
- Emergence of organic and physiological chemistry
What elements are involved in Organic Chemistry?
- carbon (C)
- hydrogen (H)
- oxygen (O)
- nitrogen (N)
—–CHON—–
Who is considered the Father of Medicine?
Hippocrates
He believed that diseases are caused by an imbalance of body humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
Hippocrates believed that diseases are caused by an imbalance of body humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
He introduced the anatomic approach to disease processes, explaining diseases through localized pathologic anatomy.
Giovanni Morgagni introduced the anatomic approach to disease processes, explaining diseases through localized pathologic anatomy.
Who is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry?
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
He discovered hydrogen and oxygen and the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration, which he described as slow combustion.
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
What did Vitalists believe?
Living organisms have a ‘vital force’ that is the essence of life and that life processes cannot be replicated in a laboratory.
They believed that animals are like ‘machines’ and that life can be explained solely by chemical and physical properties.
Mechanists
What did Darwinists assert about humans and animals?
- Man is not unique
- There is continuity between man and animals
- ‘Origin of Species’
Who isolated urea from urine samples?
Antoine Francois de Fourcroy
Who synthesized urea in vitro, proving that organic compounds could be synthesized without any vital force.
Friedrich Wohler
He discovered glycogen formation in the liver, contradicting the belief that only plants produce complex compounds.
Claude Bernard
Who emphasized the connection between chemistry and medical practice?
William Prout
He stated that ‘Chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine.
Thomas Hodgkin
What significant change occurred at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1847?
Recognized the aid medicine received from studying organic chemistry and authorized the purchase of a microscope.
Who proposed that American hospitals must employ clinical chemists to advance their ability to differentiate physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Otto Knut Folin
What did Folin and Van Slyke determine in Clinical Chemistry?
Folin and Van Slyke determined reference intervals of chemical analytes and correlated variations with pathologic conditions.
Who invented a volumetric gas-measuring apparatus for determining CO2 concentration?
Donald Dexter Van Slyke
What method did Otto Knut Folin and Hsien Wu develop?
A method for production of protein-free filtrate used for determining blood sugar.
What type of colorimeter did Folin develop?
Duboscq type colorimeter for measuring creatinine in urine.
Who developed the alkaline picrate method for determining creatinine concentration?
Max Jaffe
