Clinical Classifications Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 4 clinical classifications of mycosis
A
superficial
subcutaneous
systemic
opportunistic
2
Q
enumerate the organisms that infects the outermost layer of the skin or hair (superficial mycoses)
A
Malassezia furfur
Piedraia hortae
Hortaea werneckii
Trichosporon spp.
3
Q
which superficial organisms have yeast forms
A
Malassezia furfur
Trichosporon spp.
4
Q
Tinea versicolor
A
Malassezia furfur
5
Q
this superficial mycosis causes dandruff which is prevalent during warm weather
A
Malassezia furfur
6
Q
common sites for Malassezia furfur
A
face
abdomen
chest
trunk
7
Q
this causes patchy lesions/scaling
A
Malassezia furfur
8
Q
laboratory diagnosis of M furfur
A
KOH: spaghetti and meatballs; budding yeast
Wood lamp: yellow fluorescence
9
Q
this is described as spaghetti and meatballs fungus under KOH
A
Malassezia furfur
10
Q
this fungus is septate demataceous
A
Piedraia hortae
meaning it is septated and phaeoid
10
Q
causes Black piedra
A
Piedraia hortae
11
Q
causes scalp hair infection and can be seen to have dark brown to black nodules
A
Piedraia hortae
12
Q
how many ascospores do Piedraia horate contain
A
8 ascospores
13
Q
True or False:
Hortaea wernickii consists of asci (saclike) structure
A
False, it should be Piedraia hortae
14
Q
this causes brown to black non scaly macules in palms and soles
A
Hortaea wernickii
15
Q
other name is Tinea nigra
A
Hortaea wernickii
16
Q
lab diagnosis of Hortaea wernickii
A
skin scrapings
10%-20% KOH
Hyphal elements with budding cells
17
Q
called as white piedra
A
Trichosporon spp
18
Q
where do white piedra occurs
A
hair shaft
19
Q
True or False:
Trichosporon spp are considered to be commensal of the scalp
A
False. It is an opportunistic systemic pathogen associated with immunocompromised diseases
20
Q
what are the clinically significant Trichosporon spp
A
T beigelii human pathogen
T asahii fatal disease for immunocompromised
T mucoides systemic disease (meningitis)
21
Q
True or False:
Mycoses is classified based on site of infection
A
True
22
Q
True or False:
most fungi are opportunistic (affect mostly immunocompromised)
A
True
23
Q
what is it called for those who are able to degrade the keratin as a source of nitrogen
A
dermatophytes
24
Superficial mycoses are caused by
non-dermatophytes
25
superficial mycoses is divided into two
superficial (nondermatophytes)
cutaneous (dermatophytes)
26
dermatophytes or non: keratinophilic
dermatophytes
27
this fungi is observed for those that undergo lipid replacement therapy because lipid proliferates it
Malassezia furfur
28
known as the skin colonizer
Malassezia furfur
29
other factors that ifluences Malassezia furfur
nourishment (poor health)
genetics
excessive sweating
30
True or False:
Piedraia hortae can be observed in KOH
true, be careul not to destroy nodules
31
true or false:
Hortaea wernickii involves inflammatory and tissue reactions
false, it does not involve both
32
true or false: Malassezia furfur is darker than Hortaea wernickii
false, H wernickii is darker
33
this is confused with *malignant melanoma*
Hortaea wernickii
34
can be seen with white noodules
Trichosporon spp
35
this can be isolated mostly from animals and soil and is part of normal skin biota
Trichosporon spp
36
True or False: disease caused by Trichosporon is rarely encountered
true
37
where will Trichosporon grown? what other tests are done?
**primary plating media (SDA)**
Biochemical testing:
- carbohydrate fermentation
- potassium nitrate
- assimilation of sugars
- urease
38
important genera under dermatophytes and what do they infect
Trichophyton- hair, skin, nails
Microsporum- hair, skin
Epidermophyton- skin, nails
39
appearance of dermatophytes on infected sites
* usually appear as **lesions, scaling, and patches**.
* hair may become brittle.
* nail discoloration
40
most species of Trichophyton is...
anthrophilic (human loving)
41
enumerate the tineas which is caused by Trichophyton
Tinea corporis- body
Tinea cruris- groin or jock itch
Tinea capitis- scalp and hair
Tinea unguium- nail
Tinea barbae- beard
Tinea pedis- feet or "athlete's"
42
lab diagnosis for Trichophyton
calcofluor white or KOH (reveals hyaline septate hyphae or arthroconidia)
43
what Trichophyton crusty lesion made up of dead epithelia
T schoenleinii (tinea favosa)
| tinea favosa
44
what Trichophyton: antler hyphae; white and wrinkled colony
T schoenleinii
45
this Trichophyton commonly causes mycosis that infect the nails
T mentagrophytes
46
microconidia of T mentagrophytes
grapelike, teardrop-shaped
47
colony of T mentagrophytes
white granular ad fluffy varieties
yellow in younger clonies
48
microconidia of T rubrum
clavate or peg shaped
49
colony of T rubrum
white downy-pink granular
young: reverse yellow
old: wine/red
50
this is a nail dermatophyte (Trichophyton) that is slow growing
T rubrum
51
hair dermatophyte under Trichophyton that is larger than other dermatophytes
T tonsurans
52
microconidia of T tonsurans
teardrop or club shaped with flat buttoms
53
macroconidia of T tonsurans
balloon shaped
54
colony of T tonsurans
white, tan to yellow or rust
suede like to powdery
55
rat tail macroconidium
T verrucosum
56
this dermatophyte have a colony of *glabrous to velvety white colonies*
T verrucosum
57
this dermatophyte have its microconidia described as large and teardrop shaped
T verrucosum
58
a hair dermatophyte that have chlamydoconidia commonly aligned in chains
T violaceum
59
colony is described as port wine to deep violet, heaped or flat with waxy, pigment may be lost on subculture
T violaceum
60
macroconidia of Microsporum spp
echinulate **spindle-shaped**
thick walled
four or more septa
61
microconidia of Microsporum spp
club shaped
borne oh hyphae
62
colony of microsporum spp
aerial hyphae
velvety, powdery, glabrous, or cottony
varies in color (whitish-cinammon brown)
63
this is the primary cause of tinea capitis
M audouinii
64
the appearance of this dermatophyte is low-grade superficial lesion; circular, scaly patches of alopecia; "black dot" ringworm
M audouinii
65
transmission of M audouinii
infected hairs on caps, hats, combs
66
microscopic appearance of M audouinii
**rare bizzare shape**; terminal chlamydospores
67
describe the colony of M audouinii
cottony white - salmon
velvety aerial mycelium
68
result of M audouinii under woods lamp
positive woul appear yellow-green
69
this Microsporum sp is zoophilic, meaning a pathogen of animals
M canis
70
this is the most common cause of ringworm in dogs
M canis
71
transmission of this Microsporum sp is due to contact with infected animals
M canis
72
what are the tests done for M canis
****positive for woods lamp**
can be observed using **calcoflour white or potassium hydroxide**
73
a macroconidia with tapering **spiny distal ends**
M. canis
74
colony of m. canis
lemon-yellow or yellow orange fringe
75
a fusiform, thick-walled conidia and spindle-shaped but *not as pointed* as distal ends of m. canis
m. gypseum
76
- a free living in the soil (geophilic)
- infection in hair and skin
m. gypseum
77
the colony of this microsporum sp are:
- powdery surface
- buff or cinnamon color
- undersurface is brownish
M. gypseum
78
the clinically significant epidermophyton spp.
E. floccosum
79
microscopic appearance of E. floccosum
**rounded tip**, multiseptate, thin-walled macroconidia
80
the colony apperance of this sp is olive green to khaki
E. floccosum
81
traumatic implantation of foreign objects leading to fungus entry
subcutaneous mycoses
82
main causes or agents of **tinea cruris and tinea pedis**
E. floccosum
83
agents of subcutaneous mycoses are commonly found in __
soil or decaying vegetation
84
this infects deeper layers of the skin specifically muscles, connective tissues, and bone.
subcutaneous mycoses
85
how will you differentiate subcutaneous mycoses from your superficial?
subcutaneous are progressive and mostly ulcerations and lesion (lisod i treat) so dugay sila moheal. for superficial, pwede ra madala og antifungal agents.
86
diseases under subcutaneous mycoses
- chromoblastomycosis
- phaeohyphomycosis
- eumycotic mycetomas
87
the papules resembles **cauliflower lesions** found at site of trauma which spreads through lymphatic system
enlarges to form warty or tumorlike lesions
- chromoblastomycosis
- verrucous dermatitis
- chromomycosis
88
copper-colored septate cells, divide by binary fission which resembles "copper pennies"
sclerotic bodies
89
macroscopic appearance: cauliflower-like
microscopic apperance: sclerotic bodies
chromoblastomycosis
90
agents having a sclerotic bodies
- Cladophialophora carrionii
- Fonsecaea pedrosoi
- Phialophora verrucosa
91
sample needed for lab diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis
scrapings from crusted lesion
92
tests for chromoblastomycosis
- 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- MALDI-TOF MS (molecular method)
93
these can be seen during KOH test for chromoblastomycosis
**muriform cells**
aggregation of dark brown cells
94
**flask-shaped phialides** well developed collarette and one celled conidia oval
Phialophora verrucosa
95
**erect conidiophores, sporulation with long chains of elliptical conidia**, and has a fusiform conidia
Cladophialophora carrioni
96
term refers to the formation of conidia that is bent in angle
sympodial
97
it has a sympodial arrangement of conidiophores
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
98
caused by darkly pigmented fungi and it is distinguisable by phaeoid fungi
phaeohyphomycosis
99
diseases that are associated by phaeohyphomycosis
- phaeohyphomycotic cysts
- progressive soft tissue infection
- brain abscess
- systemic infection
common: **sinusitis and pulmonary infection**
100
agents of phaeohyphomycosis
- Alternaria spp.
- Bipolaris spp.
- Cladophialophora spp.
- Curvularia spp.
- Exophiala spp.
101
phaeohyphomycosis can be examined thru?
direct microscopic exam and histopathologic (staining)
102
this stains fungal elements *brown-black in red background* for phaeohyphomycosis
ammonium hydroxide
103
hyphae cannot be seen in direct exam for phaeohyphomycosis, what will you use instead?
use calcoflour
104
chain of large brown conidia having a **drumstick appearance**
alternaria spp.
105
sample for germ tube
serum or plasma
106
has a geniculate conidiophores and + for germ tube (formed at both ends 25C at 24 hrs)
bipolaris spp.
107
it has a **shield cells** appearance on wet mount and conidiophores are long and branched chains
Cladophialophora spp.
108
hyaline septate, conidiophores are geniculate.
the conidia are sympodial, golden-brown central swollen cell
Curvularia spp.
109
a yeastlike cells produced by **annelides**
Exophiala spp.
110
annelides have a _____ succession
**basipetal succession**
new cells (youngest conidium) is at the basal (taas) and the old ones is naa sa ubos, mag succession (mgpatongpatong) sya.
111
a chronic infection caused by bacteria or fungi characterized by swelling or exudate
eumycotic mycetomas
112
chronic progressive infection cutanoues lesion (WHO)
mycetomas
113
lab diagnosis for mycetomas
- **amplification test** for fungal DNA in sterile body fluids
- MALDI-TOF MS
- staining
114
stains used for diagnosing mycetomas
- hematoxylin-eosin
- methenamine silver: appear black
- fontana-masson: pigmented hyphae
115
an anamorph boydii
Scedosporium boydii
116
a teleomorph boydii that forms "cleistothecia" containing ascospores
Pseudoallescheria boydii
117
term refers to the P. boydii ability to go sexual reproduction appearance
homothalic
118
granules of Scedosporium boydii
white mycetoma
119
Acremonium spp. was previously known as
Fusarium falciforme
120
S. boydii has white-dark gray colonies on what agar?
Potato dextrose agar
121
which of the following spp. is having white mycetoma granules?
- Acremonium spp.
- Scedosporium boydii
- Madurella spp.
- 1st and second choice
- all of the choices
1st and 2nd choice
(Madurella - black mycetoma)
122
sp. of most cases of mycetoma
Madurella spp.
123
- granules: black mycetoma
- long tapering phialides
identify what sp.?
Madurella spp.
124
commonly manifest as lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
**Sporothrix** Schenchkii Spp. complex
125
common as **"Rose handler's disease"** since they are usually found in soil or most cases are associated with gardening
Sporothrix
126
usually infects those people handling roses (plantitas/titos)
Sporothrix
127
SPOROTHRIX - dimorphic examined at 22-37C
direct exam:
microscopic exam:
direct: **yeast form - cigar shaped**
microscopic: **fungi form - rosette**
