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opportunistic mycoses Flashcards

midterms (70 cards)

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1
Q

refers to the free-living microorganisms in the environment that are not typically of concern in human disease

A

saprobe / saprophyte

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2
Q

opportunistic mycsoses are seen in ____ commonly encountered as ___

A

opportunistic mycsoses are seen in immunocompromised patients commonly encountered as saprobes

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3
Q

most commonly encountered fungi in the lab, common in peanuts

A

aspergillus

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4
Q

second most isolated fungus after candida spp.

A

aspergillus

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5
Q

aspergillus is transmitted by?

A

inhalation of fungal conidia

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6
Q

septate hyphae branching of aspergillus

A

45 degrees

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7
Q

aspergillus

Infection is initiated following inhalation of ___. In the lung air spaces, conidia germinate and invade the __.

A

Infection is initiated following inhalation of fungal conidia. In the lung air spaces, conidia germinate and invade the tissue.

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8
Q

clinical manifestations of aspergillus

A
  • pulmonary or sinus fungus balls
  • allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
  • external otomycosis
  • mycotic keratitis
  • onychomycosis
  • sinuisitis
  • endocarditis
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9
Q

clinical manifestation of aspergillus in the nail and surrounding tissues

A

onychomycosis

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10
Q

clinical manifestation of aspergillus in the auditory canal

A

external otomycosis

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11
Q

In terms of structure, aspergillus has a __ and __.

A

septated hyphae and conidiophore

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12
Q

this can be seen in at the end of the conidiophore of aspergillus

A

vesicle

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13
Q

a supporting structure that attached to the vesicles of aspergillus where the phialides attached

A

mutulae

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14
Q

produced from the phialides of aspergillus

A

conidia

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15
Q

has an an erect conidiophore arising from a foot cell within the vegetative hyphae.

A

aspergillus

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16
Q

lab diagnosis of aspergillus

A
  • antigen-protein based assays
  • nucleic acid amplification assay
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17
Q

for monitoring patients who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections

A

antigen-protein based assays

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18
Q

downside of antigen-protein based assays

A

not true to all spp. of aspergillus because it can have cross reactions

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19
Q

downside of nucleic acid amplification assay

A

not readily available for fungi in general

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20
Q

rapid grower, has a blue-green powdery appearance, and thermotolerant at 45C

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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21
Q

A. fumigatus grows in ___ days

A

2-6 days

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22
Q

microscopic apperance:
- septate hyphae
- foot cell at base L or T shaped

A

A. fumigatus

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23
Q

colony of A. flavus

A

yellow-green colony

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24
Q

A. flavus grows in ____ days

A

1-5 days

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25
microscopic appearance: - phialides are uniseriate and biseriate - Phialides give rise to short chains of yellow orange elliptical or spherical conidia
A. flavus
26
phialides that produced directly from the vesicle
uniseriate
27
phialides that produced from a primary row of cells called metulae
biseriate
28
structure: septate hyphae, long conidiophores, large metulae, small phialides (biseriate) identify!
A. niger
29
produces darkly pigmented roughened spores and microscopically, the hyphae are hyaline and septate
A. niger
30
colony of A. niger young: old: reverse:
young: yellow old: black dotted surface reverse: buff or cream colored
31
black dotted surface of the old colony of A. niger is due to?
conidia
32
commonly seen in the clinical lab and one of the things that can cause **fungus ball and otitis externa**
A. niger
33
common environmental isolates associated with soil and plants. they contaminate grains, breads, and fruits
mucorales
34
mucorales are most often associated with infections of the __
- sinuses - lungs - skin
35
septate hyphae of mucorales are called?
stolon
36
rootlike structure of mucorales are called?
rhizoids
37
general microscopic characteristics: - Saclike fruiting structures(sporangia) - Sporangium is formed at tip of sporangiophore - Septate hyphae - Rootlike structure
mucorales
38
agents of mucorales
- Cunninghamella - Lichtheimia - Mucor - Rhizopus
39
central axis of the sporangia (multispored structure)
columella (singular)
40
swelling of the sporangiophore below the columellae (plural)
apophysis
41
some mucorales spp. produce this that hold the sporangiophore within the soil or growth substrate
rhizoids
42
spectrum of disease of mucorales
- mucormycosis - vascular invasion - thrombosis and necrosis of tissue - rhinocerebral form and perineural invasion (common presentation)
43
*perinueral* means of retroorbital spread (invasion into the brain)
perineural invasion
44
specimen for mucorales
- deep tissue or lesion sample - nasal discharge or scrapings - respiratory samples
45
transport and processing of mucorales
transport w/in **2 hrs upon collection** sensitive to environmental changes
46
blood cultures are not ideal for this type of fungi
mucorales
47
detection methods of mucorales
- stains: calcoflour white and KOH - molecular method (nucleic acid testing and PCR amplification) - cultivation
48
agar used for cultivation of mucorales
- potato dextrose agar - 2% MALT - cherry decoction (acidic) agars
49
Growth media containing ___ inhibits the production of asexual fruiting bodies that are required for the proper identification of the Mucorales species
high concentrations of carbohydrates
50
colony characteristic of mucorales
fluffy, white to gray or brown
51
Hyphae diffusely covers the surface of the agar within 24 to 96 hours. identify!
mucorales
52
mucorales are the hyphae that can grow very fast and may lift the lid of the agar plate also known as
lid lifter
53
reproduction characteristics of mucorales: - sexually reproduced through __ - asexually reproduces through ___
sexually = **zygospores** asexually = **sporangiospores**
54
identify: - can be recovered from the sinuses - Sporangiophores are erect, branching into several vesicles that bear sporangioles
cunninghamella
55
white to gray cottony colony, identify.
M. cunninghamella
56
agent for rhinocerebral mucomycosis, found in patients with *diabetes* and *ketoacidosis* hyphae: broad and ribbon like
M. lichtheimia
57
rhizoids that are short, thin projections that anchor the growing cells to substratum
internodal rhizoids
58
microscopic appearance: erect sporangiospores, few septate, internodal rhizoids identify the spp.
M. lichtheimia
59
mucorales that has no rhizoids
M. mucor
60
identify the agent: - agent of disseminated disease - sporangia remain intact - **dirty white-mousy brown colonies**
M. mucor
61
most common mucorales causing human disease and may be recovered from almost any source
M. rhizopus
62
identify the agent: - Rhizoid sappear opposite of stolon - Rapid grower - erect sporangiophores terminating in dark sporangia and sporangiospores
M. rhizopus
63
slide culture prep shows *umbrella-shaped*
M. rhizopus
64
associated with the pulmonary disease of immunocompromised patients
geotrichum
65
identify the spp. arthroconidia formed from vegetative hyphae, occur singly or may be branched
geotrichum
66
Colonies appear white to cream and yeastlike and can be confused with Trichosporon spp Septate and hyaline saprophytes
geotrichum
67
can rarely cause infections but disease involve *chronic fungal sinusitis*
penicillium
68
penicillium is inhibited at?
37C
69
identify the spp. - erect conidiophores - sometimes branched - metulae bearing one or several phialides on which oval to ovoid conidia are produced in long, loose chains
penicillium
70
rapid grower, with colonies usually in shades of green or blue-green
penicillium

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