Clinical Nutrition Basics

Question 1

MNA

Answer 1

mini nutrition assessment

for >65 years old; does not assess weight changes

Question 2

SGA

Answer 2

selective global assessment

medical hx, physical exam, intake, wt changes, edema

Question 3

NSI

Answer 3

nutrition screening initiative

DETERMINE checklist used for elderly

Question 4

GNRI

Answer 4

geriatric nutrition risk index

albumin and weight changes; used for geriatrics

Question 5

MST

Answer 5

malnutrition screening tool

weight loss and poor intake for acute care hospitalized patients

Question 6

NRS

Answer 6

nutrition risk screening

weight loss and poor intake for hospitalized med/surg patients >70 years

Question 7

MUST

Answer 7

malnutrition universal screening tool

intake, weight changes, BMI

Question 8

waist circumference risk measurements

Answer 8

> 40” in males
35” in females

Question 9

waist to hip ratio risk measurements

Answer 9

> 1.0 in males
0.8 in females

Question 10

% amputee IBW adjustments

Answer 10

entire leg: 16%
BKA: 6%
whole arm: 5%
forearm and hand: 2.3%

Question 11

IBW for quadriplegia and paraplegia

Answer 11

quadriplegia: 10-15%
paraplegia: 5-10%
less

Question 12

at risk weight changes

Answer 12

> 2% in a week
5% in a month
7.5% in 3 months
10% in 6 months
20% in 1 year

Question 13

respiratory acidosis

Answer 13

caused: hypoventilation
because: carbonic acid is acidic and it builds up
compensation: kidneys retain bicarb to increase pH

Question 14

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 14

caused: hyperventilation
because: carbonic acid is acidic and it’s being lost
compensation: kidneys excrete bicarb to decrease pH

Question 15

metabolic acidosis

Answer 15

caused: renal insufficiency, diarrhea, DKA, starvation
because: bicarb is basic and kidneys are excreting too much
compensation: hyperventilation to increase pH

Question 16

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 16

caused: vomiting, diuretics
because: bicarb is basic and kidneys are not excreting enough of it
compensation: hypoventilation to decrease pH

Question 17

intracellular electrolytes

Answer 17

potassium
magnesium
phosphorus

Question 18

extracellular electrolytes

Answer 18

sodium
calcium
bicarbonate
chloride

Question 19

DNI: adderall and ritalin

Answer 19

for ADHD
appetite suppressant, anorexia, nausea, weight loss

Question 20

DNI: oral contraceptives

Answer 20

decreases folate, vit B6, vit C

Question 21

DNI: loop diuretics

Answer 21

furosemide, lasix, bumex
decreases Ca, Na, Mg, thiamine, K

Question 22

DNI: thiazide diuretics

Answer 22

decreases Mg, K
increases Ca

Question 23

DNI: methotrexate

Answer 23

immune suppressor for cancer
decreases folate; must take supplement

Question 24

DNI: statins

Answer 24

lipitor, zocor
avoid grapefruit

Question 25

DNI: MAOIs

Answer 25

antidepressants avoid foods high in tyramine; can cause dangerously high blood pressure

Question 26

DNI: lithium carbonate

Answer 26

azilect, zelapar increases appetite must have stable caffeine and sodium intake (too high > therapeutic failure, too low > drug toxicity)

Question 27

DNI: anticoagulants

Answer 27

warfarin, coumadin stable levels of vitamin K intake

Question 28

DNI: Izoniazid

Answer 28

tuberculosis medication decreases B6 interferes with vit D, C and Ca, P metabolism don't take with food

Question 29

DNI: Levodopa

Answer 29

Parkinson's medication vit B6 and protein interfere with drug absorption intake most protein in evening, drug in the morning

Question 30

what foods contain high amounts of tyramine

Answer 30

aged, fermented, dried, pickled, smoked, and spoiled

Question 31

comfrey uses DNI

Answer 31

soothes nerves can cause irreversible liver failure

Question 32

kava uses DNI

Answer 32

for anxiety can cause liver failure

Question 33

valerian root uses DNI

Answer 33

soothes nerves avoid in patients with liver disease

Question 34

yohimbe uses DNI

Answer 34

erectile dysfunction elevate blood pressure

Question 35

ephedra uses DNI

Answer 35

weight loss rapid heart rate, headaches

Question 36

black cohosh uses DNI

Answer 36

menopause may cause blood clots

Question 37

echinacea

Answer 37

immunity avoid taking for >2 months

Question 38

saw palmetto uses DNI

Answer 38

for the prostate avoid with diuretics

Question 39

st john's wort

Answer 39

antidepressant avoid with warfarin/coumadin, HTN medications, birth control, MAOIs, statins

Question 40

garlic uses DNI

Answer 40

decreased cholesterol avoid with warfarin

Question 41

ginger uses DNI

Answer 41

decreased nausea avoid with warfarin

Question 42

ginseng uses DNI

Answer 42

immunity avoid with warfarin

Question 43

ginkgo biloba uses DNI

Answer 43

decrease blood pressure avoid with warfarin and anticonvulsants

Question 44

DNI: megesterol acetate

Answer 44

appetite stimulant

Question 45

DNI: marinol

Answer 45

antiemetic appetite stimulant

Question 46

DNI: orlistat

Answer 46

weight loss medication decreased fat absorption by binding lipase; vitamin/mineral supplement

Question 47

DNI: chemotherapy

Answer 47

malabsorption

Question 48

DNI: mineral oil, cholestyramine

Answer 48

decrease absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 49

DNI: glucocorticoids

Answer 49

protein deficits

Question 50

DNI: antibiotics

Answer 50

protein deficits decrease vitamin K

Question 51

DNI: corticosteriods

Answer 51

hyperglycemia, thin skin, hypertension, bone fracture

Question 52

DNI: propofol

Answer 52

administered in fat 1.1 kcal/cc check TG

Question 52

DNI: phenobarbital

Answer 52

decreased folic acid, vitamins B12, D, K, B6

Question 52

DNI: cyclosporine

Answer 52

immunosuppressant hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypertension

Question 53

DNI: Elavil

Answer 53

antidepressant sedative effect, weight gain, increased appetite

Question 54

DNI: tetracycline

Answer 54

binds with calcium

Question 55

DNI: curcumin

Answer 55

tumeric may reduce inflammation, antioxidant