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VET 411: Skin > Clinical-Pathologic Correlation of Lesions > Flashcards

Clinical-Pathologic Correlation of Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

distribution

A

regions of the skin affected by the lesions

solitary, multifocal, generalized

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2
Q

configuration

A

spatial relationship between individual lesions

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3
Q

annular

A

circular

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4
Q

serpiginous/serpentine

A

snake-like; coalesce to form serpent-like patterns

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5
Q

targetoid

A

bulls-eye

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6
Q

primary lesions

A

changes in color, appearance, or texture

can be congenital or acquired

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7
Q

secondary lesions

A

changes in skin that result from primary skin lesions

can be caused by progression (ex. pustule –> epidermal collarette) or manipulation (scratching and biting)

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8
Q

macules

A

changes in color (depigmentation, hyperpigmentation, or redness) without elevation or depression of the surface

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9
Q

what causes macules to be red

A

hemorrhages (petechiations)

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10
Q

what causes depigmentation/leukoderma

A

interface dermatitis

immune mediated attacks on keratinocytes leading to single cell necrosis –> release of melanocytes into the dermis –> pigmentary incontinence

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11
Q

papules

A

circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin involving the epidermis and dermis (with domed surface)

accumulation of inflammatory cells underneath the surface

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12
Q

plaques

A

large, flat topped circumscribed elevation of the skin

often a coalescence of papules

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13
Q

nodules

A

larger or solid
deep mass in dermal or subcutaneous tissue with visible and palpable elevation of the skin

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14
Q

nodular to diffuse dermatitis

A

inflammation leading to the formation of papules +/- masses that expand

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15
Q

what causes nodular to diffuse dermatitis

A

infectious
immune mediated
idiopathic

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16
Q

neoplastic populations of the skin

A

can expand the skin (benign) or infiltrate and replace the skin (malignant)

can be primary or metastatic

17
Q

wheals

A

hives; well-circumscribed, flat topped, firm elevation of the skin with a well demarcated, palpable margin

pits with pressure

associated with urticaria

18
Q

urticaria

A

skin reaction leading to wheals

19
Q

vesicles & bullae

A

circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing serous fluid either within the epidermis or at the dermo-epidermal junction

vesicles < 1 cm
bullae > 1 cm

20
Q

what do vesicles form

A

rupture to form erosions or ulcerations

21
Q

intraepidermal vesicles

A

formation of vesicles within the epidermis

caused by:
- spongiosis
- acantholysis
- intracellular edema
- apoptosis

22
Q

subepidermal vesicles

A

formation of vesicles at the dermo-epidermal junction (BMZ)

23
Q

primary subepidermal vesicles

A

result from damaged BMZ causing the epidermis to no longer be attached to underlying dermis

complete detachment occurs

24
Q

secondary subepidermal vesicles

A

results from damaged basal cells leading to necrosis of basal cells and superficial keratinocytes –> vacuolization or apoptosis

25
Q

pustules

A

circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing purulent material (pus - fluid and cells)

26
Q

epidermal collarettes

A

narrow rim of loosened stratum corneum that hangs over the peripheral edge of a circumscribed skin lesion

occurs secondary to chronic pustules

can become hyperpigmented

27
Q

erosions

A

superficial denudation of the skin confined to the epidermis

  • does NOT cross the BMZ
  • basal cell layer remains intact
  • does NOT bleed
  • progresses to ulcerations
28
Q

ulceration

A

defect of the skin extending through the dermo-epidermal junction (BMZ) into the dermis

  • actively bleeds
  • can be caused by vascular damage leading to triangular regions of necrosis and ulcerations
29
Q

excoriations

A

erosions and ulcers produced by self-trauma

surrounding tissues show signs of chronic irritation

30
Q

what are signs of chronic irritation

A
  • acanthosis (epidermal hyperplasia)
  • rete peg formation
  • hypergranulosis
  • compact hyperkeratosis
31
Q

scale

A

accumulated fragments of dead, cornified epidermal cells (stratum corneum)

nonadherent

32
Q

what conditions result in scale

A
  • ichthyosis
  • zinc responsive dermatosis
33
Q

crusts

A

accumulated fragments of cornified epidermal cells (scale) + dried residue of serum, pus

34
Q

what does crust indicate

A

inflammation in the superficial dermis

35
Q

lichenification

A

thickening of the skin; usually with hyperpigmentation and increased prominence of normal surface epidermal architecture

36
Q

what does lichenification indicate

A

chronic self trauma

37
Q

alopecia

A

decreased number of hair shafts per given area of body surface leading to partial or complete loss of hair coat

38
Q

what are possible causes of alopecia

A
  1. congenital malformation of the follicles
  2. breaking of hair shafts
  3. cyclic arrest of follicular cycle
  4. follicular destruction
  5. follicular atrophy

VET 411: Skin (16 decks)

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