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VET 411: Skin > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

why do parasites live on the skin

A

food
habitat
ease of access

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2
Q

what are the cons of parasites living on the skin

A
  • requires access to specific host and location on host
  • must be able to avoid defenses and navigate skin/hair/etc
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3
Q

insects

A

fleas, flies, lice

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4
Q

insect characteristics

A
  • 3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • 0, 1, 2 pairs of wings
  • 6 legs
  • antennae, eyes
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5
Q

arachnids

A

ticks, mites

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6
Q

arachnid characteristics

A
  • 2 body segments (fused head and thorax, abdomen)
  • no wings
  • 8 legs
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7
Q

incomplete development life cycle

A

immature stages resemble the mature stages

  • lice
  • ticks, mites
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8
Q

lice life cycle

A

egg –> nymph –> adult

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9
Q

tick and mite life cycle

A

egg –> larva –> nymph –> adult

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10
Q

complete development life cycle

A

different stages look distinctly differently

  • fleas and flies
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11
Q

flea and fly life cycle

A

egg –> larva –> pupa –> adult

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12
Q

lice characteristics

A
  • obligate ectoparasites
  • macroscopic
  • HIGHLY host specific
  • cause pruritus
  • pathogen vector
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13
Q

mites

A
  • sarcoptes
  • demodex
  • otodectes
  • cheyletiella
  • notoedres
  • chorioptes
  • psoroptes
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14
Q

sarcoptes scabiei

A
  • burrowing mite
  • superficial
  • 4 visible legs, 4 on ventral aspect
  • highly contagious
  • can be zoonotic
  • cause pruritus
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15
Q

sarcoptes scabei host

A

dogs
pigs

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16
Q

how to diagnose sarcoptes scabei

A

superficial skin scraping

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17
Q

demodex

A
  • obligate ectoparasite
  • live in hair follicles
  • host specific
  • localized vs generalized
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18
Q

how to diagnose demodex

A

deep skin scraping

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19
Q

demodex hosts

A

dogs, mammals

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20
Q

localized demodicosis

A

circumscribed alopecia, erythema, scaling

  • young animals (perinatal)
  • spontaneous remission
  • NON pruritic
  • no treatment
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21
Q

generalized demodicosis

A

diffuse of patchy generalized alopecia with scaling, crusting, chronic skin changes

  • older animals
  • genetic component
  • secondary pyoderma
  • HIGHLY pruritic
  • requires treatment
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22
Q

otodectes

A

ear mites - live on the surface of external ear

  • cause otitis externa
  • highly pruritic
23
Q

how to diagnose otodectes

A

otoscopic exam, ear swab

24
Q

otodectes host

A

cats, dogs

25
Q

cheyletiella

A

fur mites - walking drandruff

  • diagnose with acetate tape, swab, or comb
26
Q

notoedres

A
  • highly pruritic
  • cause chronic infections –> severe lichenification
  • affects ears and face
  • 4 visible legs, 4 on ventral aspect
27
Q

how to diagnose notoedres

A

skin scraping

28
Q

notoedres host

A

cats

29
Q

chorioptes

A
  • non-burrowing mite
  • causes mange - excessive crusts, scales, and skin thickening, pruritus
30
Q

chorioptes host

A

livestock - sheep especially

31
Q

psoroptes

A
  • non-burrowing mite
  • affects livestock and rabbits
  • affects ears of rabbits
32
Q

most common flea genus

A

ctenocephalides felis - for both dogs and cats

33
Q

flea characteristics

A
  • bloodsucking ectoparasites
  • jump, do not fly
  • host preferred but not specific
  • cause flea allergy dermatitis
34
Q

what stage of fleas are parasitic

A

adults only

egg, larvae, and pupa live off host

35
Q

unique characteristics of flea pupae

A

can survive up to 140 days in cocoon

require host presence to pupate

36
Q

flea allergy dermatitis

A

severe pruritus and dermatitis associated with flea infestation

37
Q

3 major hard tick types

A
  • ixodes
  • dermacentor
  • rhipicephalus
38
Q

tick characteristics

A
  • bloodsucking ectoparasites
  • cause primary and secondary injury to host
  • incomplete development
  • females are larger than males with small scutum
39
Q

festoons

A

small groove adornments along the back margin of the abdomen

  • ixodes do NOT have festoons
40
Q

secondary injury of ticks to hosts

A
  • exsanguination
  • secondary parasitic infection
  • dermatoses
  • paralysis toxicosis
  • pathogen vector
41
Q

hard and soft ticks

A

hard: visible head and mouthparts from dorsal view
- use 3 different hosts in life cycle
- feed for days

soft: no visible head and mouth parts from dorsal view
- use 1 host in life cycle
- feed for minutes

42
Q

dermacentor

A

common tick in davis
- ornamental

43
Q

ixodes

A

Lyme disease vector
- no festoons

44
Q

rhipicephalus

A

brown dog tick
- indoor/outdoor ticks

45
Q

sheep keds

A

flies that look like ticks
- have piercing mouthparts and feed on blood as adults

46
Q

ked life cycle

A
  1. females lay egg
  2. larvae develops inside the female (feed from milk gland)
  3. female births a live prepupa
  4. prenups immediately pupates after birth
47
Q

bot flies

A

cuterebra

  • no obligate host; infects hosts that ingest their eggs
  • larvae encyst beneath the skin and pupa drops out into environment to pupate
  • adults are NON feeding
48
Q

blow flies

A

calliphora

  • colorful adults
  • larvae eat decaying or living flesh
  • adults are NON feeding
  • cause myiasis
49
Q

myiasis

A

fly larvae that infect living hosts, usually on necrotic skin or soiled tissue

  • lay eggs on wounds/fleece
  • larvae feed on necrotic skin
50
Q

effects of myiasis

A

irritation
secondary bacterial infection
septicemia
toxemia

51
Q

screwworm myiasis

A

caused by cochliomyia hominiovorax
- infects fresh wounds or bites
- reportable parasite to USDA

52
Q

biting flies

A

cause annoyance, hypersensitivity, blood loss, and disease transmission

53
Q

culicoides hypersensitivity

A

allergic response to fly bites in HORSES
- immediate and delayed reaction
- highly pruritic

54
Q

cutaneous habronemiasis

A

nematode transmitted by flies into open wounds or margins of the eye
- migrates through skin causing excessive granulation + pruritus

“summer sores”

VET 411: Skin (16 decks)

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