Clinical Pharmacology Exam V Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
What are the anatomical drug barriers in the eye?
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2
Q
What are the different routes of eye therapy and what structures can they penetrate/access?
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3
Q
What are the different topical vehicles for eye medications? What are the pros/cons?
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4
Q
Differentiate between applying a a liquid drop versus an ointment in the eye.
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5
Q
What are the pros and cons for a subconjunctival injection as a means to overcome ocular barriers for medication?
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6
Q
Describe compliance as an obstacle to administering ocular medications.
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7
Q
Where do topical ocular drugs go?
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8
Q
_____ applied medications will be absorbed systemically!!
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9
Q
What are some of the different types of preservatives that are used in ocular medications?
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10
Q
What makes a good drug go bad?
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11
Q
What are the different treatment rules of thumb we administering ocular medications?
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12
Q
How can we use the different colors of eye drop caps to tell us what kind of medication it holds?
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13
Q
Describe the use of 0.5% proparacaine as a topical anesthetic for the eye.
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14
Q
Describe the use of topical antibiotics for optho patients.
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15
Q
_____ organisms predominate the normal ocular fora in both dogs and cats.
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16
Q
What are most common pathogenic isolates of ocular flora?
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17
Q
List in order of increasing toxicity the different ocular medications we use that negatively impact epithelia healing.
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18
Q
Name and describe the different aminoglycosides we use topically to treat ocular diseases.
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19
Q
Name and describe the different fluoroquinolones we use topically to treat ocular diseases.
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20
Q
Describe the use of chloramphenicol as a medication used for patients with ocular disease.
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21
Q
Describe the use of topical tetracyclines for ocular disease.
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22
Q
Describe the use of topical doxycycline for ocular disease.
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23
Q
Describe the use of topical erythromycin for ocular disease.
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24
Q
Describe the use of topical azthromycin for ocular disease.
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25
What are the different treatment guidelines for the use of topical antibiotics in the eye?
26
List the different topical antivirals we use to manage ocular disease.
27
List the different systemic antivirals we use to manage ocular disease.
28
Provide a comprehensive tratment plan for feline herpetic keratitis.
29
When are steroids or NSAIDs indicated for patients with ocular diseases?
30
Name the different corticosteroids we use for the management/treatment of ocular diseases.
31
What are some potential side effects of topical ocular corticosteroids?
32
Describe the use of NSAIDS for patients with ocular disease.
33
Describe the use of anti-enzymatic drugs for patients with ocular disease.
34
Describe the use of 0.5% NaCl ointment for patients with ocular disease.
35
Describe the use of cyclosporine for patients with ocular disease.
36
Describe the use of tacrolimus for patients with ocular disease.
37
Describe the use of tear replacement drugs for patients with ocular disease.
38
Describe the use of 1% tropicamide for patients with ocular disease.
39
Describe the use of 1% atropine for patients with ocular disease.
40
Describe the use of anti-glaucoma for patients with ocular disease.
41
What are some of the clinical signs of acute primary glaucoma?
42
Describe the use of prostaglandin analogs for patients with ocular disease.
43
Describe the use of hyperosmotic diuretics for patients with ocular disease.
44
Describe the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for patients with ocular disease.
45
Describe the use of 0.5% timolol for patients with ocular disease.
46
Describe the use of autonomic drugs for patients with ocular disease.
47
Provide a comprehensive treatment plan for glaucoma.
48
49
What are nutraceuticals/supplements?
50
What is the #1 goal of nutraceuticals/supplements?
51
Differentiate between herbal medicine and traditional medicine.
52
What are the trends as it relates to herbal medicine in vet med?
53
What questions should you always ask/answer or any supplement prior to recommending it?
54
How can “efficacy” be misconstrued in supplement/nutraceutical research?
55
What is stage 1 OA? What are some risk factors?
56
Currently nutraceutical/supplement research is good for ____, less for ___, weak for ____, and absent for ____.
57
How can we evaluate products that are listed to contain omega 3 FA?
58
What is the MOA of EPA/DHA?
59
What are some key considerations when it comes to omega 3 FA products?
60
What is epiitalis? What are its effects on the body?
61
What is the role of glucosamine in the body?
62
What is the role of chondrotin in the body?
63
What is our biggest concern with glucosamine and chondroitin supplements?
64
What is boswellia serrata?
65
What are the anti-inflammatory effects of boswellia serrata?
66
How do we dose boswellia serrata?
67
Briefly describe devils claw as an anti-inflammatory supplement that is currently on the market.
68
Describe green-lipped mussel extract as an anti-inflammatory supplement currently on the market.
69
When choosing a chondroprotective supplement for your patient, you should always keep in mind _____.
70
Who regulates nutraceuticals?
71
Describe the quality control of nutraceuticals/supplements in Canada vs USA.
72
What are some key considerations regarding NHP?
73
Who regulates cannabinoids in veterinary medicine?
74
They endocannabinoid system plays a key role in which body systems?
75
What does the endocannabinoid system consist of?
76
Differentiate between ECS and eCBome.
77
What is endocannabinoid tone?
78
List the different phytocannabinoids.
79
What is hemp oil/hemp seed oil?
80
What is CBD oil?
81
What is a full spectrum oil versus a broad spectrum oil?
82
CBD acts as an endocannabinoid ____.
83
What are the effects of THC on the body?
84
What are the effects of THCA on the body?
85
What are the effects of CBDA on the body?
86
The pharmacokinetic profile of cannabis is dependent on ___, ___, and ____.
87
What are the effects of cannabigerol/CBG on the body?
88
What are the effects of cannabinol/CBN on the body?
89
List the different terpenes derived from plants used in herbal medicine.
90
What is the role of beta caryophyllene in veterinary medicine?
91
What is the role of myrcene in veterinary medicine?
92
What is the entourage effect?
93
Overall, what is the general consensus on cannabinoids in veterinary medicine?
94
How can we make our clients a part of the clinical assessment of nutraceuticals/supplements?
95
Fill in the blanks as they relate to the nutraceuticals/supplements lecture.
96
Define integrative health.
97
Define complimentary health.
98
Differentiate between alternative and functional medicine.
99
What is the prevelence of integrative medicine training in veterinary schools?
100
What are the 4 basics of integrative medicine?
101
List the different pharmaceuticals we use to address pain.
102
What is the MOA of gabapentinoids?
103
Describe the species and route we commonly use gabapentin in.
104
Describe the clinical use of gabapentin.
105
Subanethestic doses of ketamine are useful for that?
106
____ may help with alloying and opioid tolerance in chronic pain cases.
107
What is the MOA, clinical use, and route for amantadine?
108
_____ is the target for OA pain management.
109
Describe the use of monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of OA.
110
What is the MOA of amitriptyline?
111
Describe the clinical use and route for amitriptyline.
112
What is the MOA of tramadol?
113
What is the clinical use and route for tramadol?
114
Describe the use of PSGAGs as a treatment for OA.
115
Briefly describe the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of pain.
116
Briefly describe the use of dipyrone for the treatment of pain.
117
Briefly describe the use of mexiletine for the treatment of pain.
118
Briefly describe the use of alendronate for the treatment of pain.
119
Briefly describe the use of glucorticoids for the treatment of pain.
120
Briefly describe the use of magnesium for the treatment of pain.
121
What are the different client considerations we need to keep in mind when diagnosing medications to treat pain in our patients?
122
List the different physical medicine options for the treatment of pain.
123
Describe the use of omega 3 FA to address pain.
124
What is the MOA of omega 3 FA on the inflammatory response?
125
What are the side effects of omega 3 FA?
126
What is the MOA of ASU’s on the inflammatory response?
127
Describe the use of Boswellia serrata and its ability to modulate the inflammatory response.
128
Describe the use of curcumin and its ability to modulate the inflammatory response.
129
Describe the use of UC-II and its ability to modulate the inflammatory response.
130
Describe the use of yunnan baiyao and its ability to modulate the inflammatory response.
131
Describe the use of cannabidiol and its ability to modulate the inflammatory response.
132
What are the different external modalities of regenerative medicine?
133
Describe the use of ESWT in veterinary medicine.
134
Describe the use of photobiomodulation in veterinary medicine.
135
Describe the use of targeted pulses electromagnetic field therapy in veterinary medicine.
136
Describe the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in veterinary medicine.
137
Describe the use of sprying (medical device) therapy in veterinary medicine.
138
Describe the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel in veterinary medicine.
139
Describe the use of radio-isotope therapy in veterinary medicine.
