Clinical Pharmacy (Heart)

Question 1

The spectrum of acute ischemia related syndromes ranging from UA to MI with or w/o ST elevation that are secondary to acute plaque rupture or plaque erosion

Answer 1

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Question 2

Shortness of breath

Answer 2

Dyspnoea

Question 3

Profuse perspiration

Answer 3

Diaphoresis

Question 4

ECG

Answer 4

Electrocardiogram

Question 5

A chest pain or
discomfort caused
when the heart muscle
doesn’t get enough
oxygen-rich blood.

Answer 5

Angina

Question 6

most common form of angina, has a
more predictable pattern,
which is brought on by
exertion, emotional stress,
or a heavy meal , which is
usually relieved by rest ,
nitroglycerin.

Answer 6

Stable (Classic) Angina

Question 7

Type of angina where rest angina, severe new-onset angina and increasing angina is experienced; Decreased response to rest or nitroglycerin

Answer 7

Unstable Angina

Question 8

Unstable Angina
Usually is prolonged > 20
min occurring within a week of presentation

Answer 8

Rest Angina

Question 9

Unstable Angina
angina with 2 months onset of initial
presentation

Answer 9

Severe New-Onset Angina

Question 10

Unstable Angina
refers to previously
diagnosed angina that is distinctly more frequent, longer in duration, or lower in threshold

Answer 10

Increasing angina

Question 11

Type of angina where there is coronary artery spasm, artery already has a fixed obstruction, usually occurs at rest, and CCBs are most effective rather than B-blockers.

Answer 11

Prinzmetal’s Angina

Question 12

Other name for Prinzmetal’s Angina

Answer 12

Vasospastic/Variant

Question 13

ALT

Answer 13

Alanine Amino Transferase

Question 14

AST

Answer 14

Aspartate aminotransferase

Question 15

Used in tx of angina

Answer 15

Nitrates

Question 16

used in the immediate
treatment of unstable
angina and is used for longterm therapeutic relief .

Answer 16

Intravenous Nitroglycerine

Question 17

This angina occurs in the
recumbent position and is not
specifically related to either rest
or exertion.

Answer 17

Angina decubitus

Question 18

Other name of Angina decubitus

Answer 18

Nocturnal angina

Question 19

reduce oxygen demand, both at rest and during exertion, by decreasing the heart rate and
myocardial contractility, which also decreases arterial
blood pressure

Answer 19

B-Blockers

Question 20

Should be avoided in Prinzmetal angina and asmatha patients

Answer 20

B-Blockers

Question 21

These agents prevent and reverse coronary spasm by inhibiting
calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardial muscle.
This results in increased blood flow, which enhances myocardial
oxygen supply

Answer 21

CCBs

Question 22

used innstable (exertional) angina that is not controlled by nitrates and β-blockers and in patients
for whom β-blocker therapy is inadvisable

Answer 22

CCBs

Question 23

death of myocardial cells from
inadequate oxygenation, often caused by a
sudden complete blockage of a coronary
artery; characterized by localized formation of
necrosis (tissue destruction) with subsequent
healing by scar formation and fibrosis

Answer 23

Myocardial Infarction

Question 24

Drug used as pain relief for MI

Answer 24

Morphine

Question 25

Bloodthinners for MI

Answer 25

ASA

Question 26

Anti-platelet for MI

Answer 26

Clopidogrel

Question 27

Normal Heart Rhythm

Answer 27

60-100 beats per min

Question 28

Origin of the heartbeat should be from the ______

Answer 28

SA node

Question 29

_________ are deviations from the normal heart beat pattern. These disrupts the normal sequence of atrial and ventricular activation.

Answer 29

Cardiac Arrhythmia

Question 30

This refers to a slow heartbeat — a resting heart rate less than 60 beats a minute

Answer 30

BRADYARRYTHMIA

Question 31

This refers to a fast heartbeat — a resting heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute.

Answer 31

TACHYARRYTHMIA

Question 32

A rapid heart rate caused by chaotic electrical impulses in the atria. These signals result in rapid, uncoordinated, weak contractions of the atria. The chaotic electrical signals bombard the AV node... This is associated with serious complications such as stroke

Answer 32

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 33

The heartbeats are more-organized and more-rhythmic electrical impulses than in atrial fibrillation. This may also lead to serious complications such as stroke

Answer 33

Atrial flutter

Question 34

A broad term that includes many forms of arrhythmia originating above the ventricles (supraventricular) in the atria or AV node. seem to cause sudden episodes of palpitations that begin and end abruptly

Answer 34

Supraventricular tachycardia

Question 35

* A type of supraventricular tachycardia, there is an extra electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles, which is present at birth. * This pathway may allow electrical signals to pass between the atria and the ventricles without passing through the AV node, leading to short circuits and rapid heartbeats

Answer 35

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Question 36

A rapid, regular heart rate that originates with abnormal electrical signals in the ventricles. The rapid heart rate doesn't allow the ventricles to fill and contract efficiently to pump enough blood to the body.

Answer 36

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 37

This occurs when rapid, chaotic electrical impulses cause the ventricles to quiver ineffectively instead of pumping necessary blood to the body. This serious problem is fatal if the heart isn't restored to a normal rhythm within minutes.

Answer 37

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 38

A heart disorder that carries an increased risk of fast, chaotic heartbeats.

Answer 38

Long QT syndrome

Question 39

Chest pain aka

Answer 39

Angina

Question 40

Sudden, heavy sweating

Answer 40

Diaphoresis

Question 41

anticholonergic drug, blocks vagal effects on the SA node, promoting conduction through the AV node.

Answer 41

Atropine

Question 42

Slow conduction through the AV node, interrupt reentry pathways through the AV node.

Answer 42

Adenosine

Question 43

Sudden cessation of heartbeat and cardiac function, resulting in the loss of effective circulation.

Answer 43

Cardiopulmonary Arrest

Question 44

Absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death.

Answer 44

Cardiopulmonary Arrest