PHARMACOG - Finals Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
coined Pharmacognosy
A
JA Schimdt
2
Q
Clay tablets
A
Babylonians
3
Q
Paper scrolls
A
Egyptians
4
Q
Father of Modern Medicine
A
Hippocrates
5
Q
De Materia Medica Libri Cinque
A
Pedanius Dioscorides
6
Q
Analecta Pharmacognostica
A
SA Seydler
7
Q
is a formulation compounded by Galen and is still used
until now Aka Galen’s cerate
A
Cold Cream
8
Q
Lehrbuch der Materia Medica
A
JOHANN ADAM SCHMIDT
9
Q
Father of Botany
A
Theophrastus
10
Q
Cinchona succirubra
- antimalarial
A
Quinine
11
Q
1,3,7,-trimethylxanthine
Xanthine or Purine alkaloid
CNS stimulant or diuretic
A
Caffeine
12
Q
Papaver somniferum
- alkaloid
- undergo demethylation to
release its activity
-opioid analgesic, antitussive
A
Codeine
13
Q
-opioid analgesic
-Frederick Serturner
A
Morphine
14
Q
-Tropane/Solaneceous alkaloid
-Anticholinergic
A
Hyoscyamine
15
Q
-Tropane/Solaneceous alkaloid
-Antitussive
A
Noscapine
16
Q
-Anticholinergic
-Rudolf Brandes + Philipp Geiger
A
Atropine
17
Q
-Alcohol glycoside
- Anti-inflamatory
- Analgesic
- Antipyretic
- Parent compound of salicylic acid
-From willow bark
A
Salicin
18
Q
-Pyridine-piperidine alkaloid
-Smoking deterrent
A
Nicotine
19
Q
-Anesthetic
- Erythroxylum coca
- Divine plant of Incas
A
Cocaine
20
Q
-most active pyschomimetic agent
A
LSD
21
Q
-opioid analgesic
-Antitussive
A
Codeine
22
Q
- structural component in plants
- adsorbent & thickening agent
A
CELLULOSE
23
Q
for rigidity of cell walls
A
SUBERIN
24
Q
-protective barrier of plant
A
CUTIN
25
-stored for of energy
STARCH
26
-protein that maintain osmotic pressure
ALBUMIN
27
-component of cell wall of fungi and backbone of invertebrates
CHITIN
28
stored form of energy in plants and animals
- stored in liver
GLYCOGEN
29
aka solvent
MENSTRUUM
30
undissolved portion of the drug that remains after the extraction process
MARC
31
is the product of extraction
process
PERCOLATE/EXTRACTIVE
32
broad term referring to the study of plants by humans
ETHNOBOTANY
33
refers to the use of plants by humans as medicine
ETHNOMEDICINE
34
the sum total of all non-mainstream medical practices, usually excluding so called "western" medicine
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
35
-natural relationship among plants and animals
Phylogeny
36
group species
GENUS
37
Sleep-producing
SPECIES
38
group pf genera sharing certain traits
FAMILY
39
Are vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances
that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying
CRUDE DRUGS
40
special or modified drying process that uses Nitrate to enhance properties
CURING
41
Final step in prep of crude drugs
GARBLING
42
TEST ANIMAL
-Phenol Coefficient
-Cardiovascular
-Insulin & Tubocurarine
-Mice
-Turtles
-Rabbits
43
TEST ANIMAL
-Corticotropin injection and Vasopressin or ADH
-Glucagon
-Oxytocin
-Digoxin
-Rats
-Cat
-Chicken
-Pigeon
44
Borntrager test
Froth test
Hemolysis test
-Pink-Red color
-Honey comb
-Coagulation
45
-Libermann-burchard
-Kedde
-Keller-Killiani
-Guignard
Green
Violet
Reddish-Brown
Red
46
-collective term for sepals
- outermost whorl
- generally green
- petal-like
CALYX (Sepal)
47
- collective term for petal
- second whorl
- either white or bright colored to attract
pollinators
COROLLA
48
-third circle
- female part
- made up of Carpel or Pistil
GYNOECIUM
49
-receives whatever pollinators brought
STIGMA
50
-fourth whorl
- male part
- made up of Stamen
- composed of Filament and Anther
ANDROECIUM
51
CORK aka
Phellem
52
Cork-Cambium aka
PHELLOGEN
53
- converts electromagnetic energy into chemical potential
LIGHT REACTIONS
54
- consists of enzymatic reactions that utilize the energy from
the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide into sugar
DARK REACTIONS
55
Dark Reaction aka
CALVIN CYCLE
56
Products of Calvin Cycle
Sucrose, Oxygen, Water
57
first sugar formed during photosynthesis and also the main
transport material
SUCROSE
58
most important monosaccharide found in plant
HEXOSE
59
Starch when hydrolyzed yields
glucose
60
Inulin when hydrolyzed yields ____
FRUCTOSE
61
used to detect the presence of glucose in the urine; test for the presence of reducing sugar
BENEDICT'S TEST
62
“Grape sugar” “Corn sugar” “Dextrose”
-most abundant form of glucose reducing sugar obtained by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
D-GLUCOSE
63
a crystalline dextrose monohydrate that has undergone less rigorous purification
DEXTROE EXCIPIENT
64
calcium salts of 7 and 5 carbon acids
CALCIUM GLUCEPTATE AND CALCIUM LEVULINATE
65
Prophylactic dose of Ferrous gluconate
325mg / day
66
from rigorous purification of high-conversion hydrolysates
CRYSTALLINE DEXTROSE
67
product obtained by incomplete hydrolysis of starch
LIQUID GLUCOSE
68
“Brain sugar”
- C4 epimer of glucose
GALACTOSE
69
C2 epimer of glucose
MANNOSE
70
Test used to identify mannose
Osazone Test
71
“Levulose” “Fruit Sugar” “D-fructopyranose”
FRUCTOSE
72
test used to identify fructose
SELIWANOFF'S TEST
73
AKA Fructosan
INULIN
74
most abundant form of glucose
beta-dextro glucose
75
from controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
DEXTRATES
76
prepared by controlled acid hydrolysis of corn
starch
LIQUID GLUCOSE
77
prepared by controlled enzymatic isomerization
of glucose
HIGH FRUCTOSE SWEETENERS
78
has bacteriostatic and preservative
SUCROSE
79
“Beer sugar” produced by diastatic fermentation (Barley)
MALTOSE
80
Milk Sugar
-used as tablet diluent
LACTOSE
81
-Found in yeast and ergot
TREHALOSE
82
enzymatic breakdown of cellulose
CELLOBIOSE
83
“Lilac” “Duphalac” semi-synthetic sugar prepared by alkaline rearrangement of
lactose fructose + galactose
LACTULOSE
84
Acetic acid + Lactic acid
Lactulose
85
Glucose + Galactose
Lactose
86
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose
87
Glucose + Xylose
Primverose
88
-liquid left
BUTTERMILK
89
milk left after the separation of the cream
SKIMMED MILK
90
added with renin, an enzyme that coagulates casein, it will form a
CASEIN
91
an enzyme that coagulates casein
present in skimmed milk
RENNIN
92
proper treatment of coagulum
- coagulum coagulum + rennin n
CHEESE
93
- liquid separated from the coagulum
- contains lactose and inorganic salts+ renni
WHEY
94
important component of Krebs cycle being the first compound formed
CITRIC ACID
95
- 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid (C4H6O5)
-common in apples
MALIC
96
is used to differentiate tartaric acid
and citric acid
DENIGE'S TEST
97
Denige's Test
Tartaric
Citric
Emerald Green
Carmine Red
98
from the distillation of wine which yields 35-60% alc content
BRANDY
99
from fermented malted grain
WHISKEY
100
-from fermented molasses
RUM
101
diagnostic aid to Renal function because it measures the Glomerular Filtration Rate,
MANNITOL
102
Sorbitol + _____
-used for urologic irrigation
103
- carboxymethyl ether of starch
- a form of superdisintegrant
-a semi-synthetic material
SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE
104
- slightly soluble to soluble in cold water
- used as a primary excipient
PREGLATINIZED STARCH
105
-antidote for iodine poisoning
STARCH SUSPENSION
106
Amylose + Iodine =
Deep Blue Complex
107
Amlyopection + Iodine =
Blue Violet or Purple color
108
"absorbent cotton"
main source of cellulose
PURIFIED COTTON
109
- component of artificial tears that
Methylcellulose Hydroxyethylcellulose
110
used as a surgical aid and may NOT
contain MORE than 1.25% of titanium
PURIFIED RAYON
111
“Soluble gun cotton”
- used in the preparation of collodion
and flexible collodion,
PYROXYLIN
112
Flexible Colloidon
Camphor ___
Castor Oil ___
2%
3%
113
2 acids involved in prep of pyroxylin
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
114
-pathologic products (produced by plants as a protective after an injury)
GUMS
115
- form slimy masses or thick paste
- physiologic products (produced naturally)
MUCILAGE
116
Goat’s horn
TRAGACANTH
117
- main component - present for about 60-70% in the gum
bassorin
118
“demethoxylated bassorin”
- 30-40% conc (minor component)
TRAGANTHIN
119
Tragacanth commercial grade
Almost colorless and nearly translucent
No. 1
120
GUM ARABIC
-thickening agent and emulsification
ACACIA
121
INDIAN GUM
binder in compressed tablets
GHATTI GUM
122
STERCULIA GUM
-most unpleasant smelling gum (fetid odor of trees)
- least soluble among the shrub/tree exudate
- forms a discontinuous type of mucilage
- used as bulk laxative
KARAYA GUM
123
Sodium alginate + Alginic acid
ALGIN
124
ALGIN
-main constituent
-oxidized form of mannose
MANNURONIC ACID
125
Japanese Isinglas
Agar
126
-non-gelating
-thickener
-phlogistic agent
λ-carrageenan (Lambda)
127
Danish agar
Furcellaran
128
Synonym: → Psyllium seed, Plantain seed
PLANTAGO SEED
129
- Synonym: Cydonium
thixotropic in lotion
QUINCE SEED
130
Carob pulp and St. John’s Bread
LOCUST BEAN GUM
131
Guaran
GUAR GUM
132
- Alpha-1,6-linked polyglucan
- a 10% solution can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of
DEXTRAN
133
- insoluble form of pectin which is found in fruits
- converted into a soluble form by heating the fruit
PROPECTIN
134
Tx of gastric ulcer
MASTIC GUM
135
Gum component of Movicol
KARAYA
136
137
the antidote for digoxin poisoning
DIGIFAB
138
Foxglove:
Digitalis purpurea
139
Grecian Foxglove:
Digitalis lanata
140
used to be the DOC for CHF
Digitoxin
141
- active component - not approved by FDA due to age related case
Convallotoxin
142
“Black Indian Hemp” “Dog Bane”
APOCYNUM
143
“Pheasant's EYE
ADONIS
144
“Night Blooming Cereus”
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS
145
Christmas Rose
Black HelleBore
146
BH
glycosidal, cardiac stimulant (inotropic)
BLACK
147
BH
alkaloidal, cardiac depressant
GREEN AND WHITE
148
- used before as a arrow poison
- 3rd most important glycoside available in the market
G. Strophantin
149
Used as expectorant.
Scillarenin (more active)
Squill
150
Squil
_____ is not used in medical purposes and used as
rodenticide
RED VARIETY
151
“Oleander”
Genocide in Sri Lanka
Adelfa
152
test for anthranols
SCHONTETEN'S TEST
(+) green flor.
153
Found in Lane's Pills
Cascara Sagrada
154
Senna
Best Grade
Poorest Grade
Blue-Green
Yellow
155
A mixture of neutral principles obtained from Goa powder
-- Not employed as cathartic because it is too irritating to use
CHRYSAROBIN
156
____ used to extract Chrysarobin
HOT BENZENE
