clinical psychology

Question 1

defining abnormal behavior

Answer 1

requires “clinically significant” disturbance and significant distress or disability in social situations, occupations, etc.

Question 2

medical model

Answer 2

treatment of disorders (biological orgin)

Question 3

biopsychological model

Answer 3

biological, psychological, and social causes/treatments

Question 4

diagnosing

Answer 4

DSM: manual listing and classification of all disorders

Question 5

generalized anxiety disorders

Answer 5

generally anxious for no reason

Question 6

panic disorder

Answer 6

prone to frequent panic attacks

usually comes with agoraphobia

Question 7

agoraphobia

Answer 7

fear of being in places you can’t escape

Question 8

phobias

Answer 8

irrational fear that disrupts life

Question 9

causes of anxiety disorders

Answer 9

psychodynamic: repressed thoughts manifest in anxiety

behaviorist: fear conditioning leads to anxiety

biological: natural selection favored those with certain phobias (heights)

Question 10

anxiety disorders

Answer 10

most common in USA, persistent worry and fear

Question 11

somatoform disorders

Answer 11

psych disorders with no physical cause

Question 12

conversion disorder

Answer 12

loss of feeling or usage in body part, no physiological cause

Question 13

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 13

interpret normal symptoms as major diseases

Question 14

dissociative disorders

Answer 14

involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity

Question 15

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 15

person fractures into several distinct personalities who have no awareness of each other

usually caused by childhood abuse

Question 16

dissociative amnesia

Answer 16

following a traumatic event, a person leaves, taking on a whole new personality with no memory of the previous one

Question 17

schizophrenia

Answer 17

interpret reality abnormally

Question 18

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 18

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking

Question 19

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 19

flat effect (inability to show emotions) and impaired decision making

Question 20

causes of schizophrenia

Answer 20

brain abnormalities, genetics, excessive dopamine, diathesis: person predisposed to disease, has to be triggered by environmental triggers

Question 21

major depressive disorder

Answer 21

extreme sadness and despair

Question 22

bipolar disorder

Answer 22

bouts of severe depression and manic episodes

Question 23

mania

Answer 23

heightened mood, characterized by risky behaviors, fast talking, etc.

Question 24

causes of depression and bipolar disorder

Answer 24

biology (low levels of seratonin and norepinephrine) and cognitive

Question 25

personality disorders

Answer 25

disruptive, inflexible, enduring behavior patters, very hard to treat

Question 26

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 26

disregard to other people

Question 27

borderline personality disorder

Answer 27

unstable interpersonal relationships and self image

Question 28

histrionic

Answer 28

excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Question 29

narcissistic

Answer 29

need for admiration and lack of empathy

Question 30

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 30

overwhelmed with obsessions and compulsions

Question 31

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 31

develops following a traumatic events, leads to flashbacks and problems with concentration

Question 32

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 32

impairment in social relationships, communication, and activities

Question 33

psychodynamic approach to treatment

Answer 33

looking at unconscious processes as they are manifested in client's behavior

Question 34

client therapy

Answer 34

humanistic approach active listening, accepting environment, patient growth

Question 35

rational-emotional therapy

Answer 35

cognitive approach analyzing self defeating behaviors to change thought patterns, then change behaviors associated with thoughts best for anxiety

Question 36

cognitive therapy

Answer 36

cognitive approach challenge illogical thoughts best for depression

Question 37

classical conditioning

Answer 37

behavioral approach counterconditioning: break habits aversive conditioning: assosciate bad experience with unwanted behavior to break habits (throwing up with alcohol) exposure therapy: slowly expose people to whatever makes them anxious best for anxiety and phobias

Question 38

systematic desensitization

Answer 38

associate a pleasant state with an anxiety triggering stimuli to gradually desensitize it

Question 39

intensive exposure therapy

Answer 39

force someone to experience fear

Question 40

operant conditioning

Answer 40

use of rewards for behavior modification

Question 41

biological/biomedical therapies

Answer 41

use of drugs/medical procedures to fix issues

Question 42

anti-psychotics

Answer 42

decrease dopamine to treat schizophrenia side effects: hand tremors, worsening of negative symptoms

Question 43

mood stabalizers

Answer 43

treat bipolar disorder with lithium

Question 44

anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 44

depress central nervous system

Question 45

anti-depressents

Answer 45

increase seratonin through reuptake inhibition side effects: anxiety, drowsiness, suicide in teens

Question 46

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 46

send electricity to induce minor seizures-rarely used to treat depression

Question 47

pyschosurgery (lobotomy)

Answer 47

frontal lobe is surgically destroyed, used to treat depression for violent people