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AP PSYCH CRAM! > Scientific Foundations > Flashcards

Scientific Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Structuralism

A

uses introspection to look inward to examine mental experiences to determine the underlying structures of the mind

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2
Q

functionalism

A

the mind is a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments

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3
Q

psychoanalytic approach

A

unconsious, childhood

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4
Q

behavioral approach

A

behaviors ar learned and reinforced

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5
Q

humanistic approach

A

free will, choice

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6
Q

cognitive approach

A

perceptions, thoughts

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7
Q

evolutionary approach

A

genes

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8
Q

biological approach

A

brains

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9
Q

sociocultural approach

A

society

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10
Q

Mary Calkins

A

first female president of American Psychology Assosciation

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11
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

1st female PhD

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12
Q

Charles Darwin

A

natural selection and evolution

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13
Q

dorthea dix

A

reformed mental institutions in the USA

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14
Q

basic research

A

systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind.

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15
Q

applied research

A

a non-systematic way of finding solutions to specific research problems or issues

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16
Q

pschologist

A

research of counseling

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17
Q

psychiatrist

A

prescribe medications and diagnose

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18
Q

experiment

A

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect

19
Q

independent variable

A

factor in experiment purposefully altered by researcher to find effect, stays constant

20
Q

experimental group

A

receives the treatment

21
Q

control group

A

does not receive the treatment, receives placebo

22
Q

placebo effect

A

perceived benefit after receiving a placebo: can help to compare with experimental group

23
Q

dependent variable

A

measured variable, dependent/changed based on independent variable

24
Q

double-blind experiment

A

experiment where neither the participants nor the experimenter are aware of the conditions people are assigned to (ex: drug assignment versus placebo)

25
Q

single-blind

A

only the researcher knows the conditions

26
Q

operational definition

A

definition of variables in experiment, usually quantitative

used so that experiment can be repeated

27
Q

confounding variable

A

variable that affects the experiment that wasn’t originally planned for, can spur results and relationship between ind. and dep. variable

28
Q

random assignment

A

assigns participants to either control or experimental groups at random

minimizes bias

29
Q

random sample/selection

A

method for choosing participants for your study

minimizes bias and ensures results reflect all people

30
Q

representative sample

A

sample mimics the general population (gender, race, age)

31
Q

correlation

A

identity relationship between two variables

32
Q

correlation

A

identity relationship between two variables

does not equal causation

33
Q

positive correlation

A

variables increase and decrease together

34
Q

negative correlation

A

one increases as the other decreases

35
Q

illusory correlation

A

belief of correlation that doesn’t exist

36
Q

naturalistic observation

A

real world validity (observe people in natural environment)

37
Q

case study

A

studies one person in great detail (lots of info)

38
Q

confidentiality

A

names kept secret

39
Q

ethical guidelines (APA)

A

confidentiality, debrief, deception, no harm, informed consent, right to withdrawl

40
Q

debrief

A

must explain purpose of study (done after experiment is over)

41
Q

informed consent

A

must agree to be part of study

42
Q

deception

A

cannot have deception unless warranted

43
Q

no harm

A

protection from physical harm

44
Q

right to withdrawl

A

participants must be able to withdrawl

AP PSYCH CRAM! (9 decks)

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