Clinical Resp Med (EQ) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Clinical Resp Med (EQ) Deck (31)
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1
Q

Vaccines are less effective against which strain of equine influenza? Why?

A

H3N8 - Displays high level of Ag Drift

2
Q

Outbreaks of Fever, Cough, Oedema of URT, Nasal discharge and lethargy are signs of which resp Dz?

A

Influenza

3
Q

How long is the incubation period for influenza?

A

5d

4
Q

What are the 2 methods of flu diagnoses?

A

Nasal swab and PCR

Rising Ab titre over 2-4w

5
Q

How long should horses rest after influenza?

A

1w for each day of fever

6
Q

Which age/sex group have the highest mortality with equine influenza?

A

All Foals

7
Q

What Dz does EHV1 cause?

A

Resp
Abortion
Neurological

DULL key C/S

8
Q

What are the signs of R. equi infection?

A

Pyogranulomatous pneumonia - crackles, dull, febrile.

Foals 3w-6m

9
Q

What are the early signs of strep equi equi infection?

A

Depression, fever, mucoid disch, cough, dysphagia.

horses 1-3yo

10
Q

What are the late signs of strep equi equi infection?

A

Purulent disch, LN enlargement, RPLN swelling & dyspnoea.

11
Q

What is the incubation period for Strep Equi Equi?

A

1-14d

12
Q

What are potential sequalae of strep equi equi infection?

A
Cellulitis
Pneumonia
"Bastard Strangles"
Imm-Med myositis
Purpura Haemorrhagica
13
Q

How is a horse confirmed free of strangles?

A

1 -ve nasal swab a week for 3 weeks!
(3 swabs total)

OR

1 GP wash -ve

14
Q

When must a 5-7d course of penicillin be given to strangles patients?

A

NO lymphadenopathy

Onset of pyrexia

15
Q

Which Dz of young racehorses causes poor performance/coughing and has a multifactorial aetiology?

A

Inflammatory Airway Dz

16
Q

How is IAD diagnosed?

A

Mucus in trachea
Neutrophils >40% (TTA) or >10% (BAL)
>3% eosinophils/mast cells

17
Q

Describe the risk factors for RAO.

A

> 7yo
Housed
Hay fed
Humid weather @ pasture

18
Q

When are clinical signs for RAO apparent? What are they?

A

At rest!

Mucus, coughing, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, EXP wheeze, heave line.

19
Q

How does inflammation cause bronchoconstriction?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors and inhibits B2 receptors

20
Q

What are the 4 ways which Chronic RAO causes a progressive impairment of lung function?

A

SmM hypertrophy
Peribronchiolar Fibrosis
Epithelial hyperplasia
Mucus Pluggling

21
Q

How is RAO diagnosed?

A

+ve response to atropine in 10m

or clenbuterol

22
Q

How is RAO diagnosed?

A

Mucus in trachea (graded 1-5)
Neutrophils >40% (TTA) or >25% (BAL)
>1% eosinophils/mast cells

23
Q

What are the 3 pillars of tx for RAO?

A

Environmental
Corticosteroids
Bronchodilators

24
Q

Which C/Ss can be given to horses with RAO and via which route?

A

Systemic: Preds/Dex
Inhaled: Fluticasone (££), Beclomethasone, Nebulised Dex

25
Q

Which bronchodilators are used in RAO and how are they given?

A

Clenbuterol PO

Inhaled: Salbutamol/Salmeterol

26
Q

What are the 4 predisposing factors for pleuropneumonia?

A

Long Distance Transport
Viral Resp Dz
Exercise
GA/Surgery

27
Q

What are the 3 stages of equine pleuropneumonia?

A

Acute Exudative
Fibrinopurulent
Organisational

28
Q

How is equine Pleuropneumonia treated?

A

Thoracic drainage.

Antimicrobials (Penicillin/Gentamicin/ Metronidazole if complicated)

29
Q

What is present on BAL following EIPH?

A

Haemosideropahges.

30
Q

Which EIPH grade(s) is/are associated with poor performance?

A

Grade 3 & 4

31
Q

Which drug is shown to reduce EIPH, but is banned in racing?

A

Furosemide