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Clinical Science 4 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Feiss Line

A
  • Line running from Tip of the Medial Malleolus, Navicular, to Base of 1st MT
  • Foot is flat when Navicular lies below the Feiss line
  • reduced longitudinal arch
  • Calcaneus Valgus
  • Increase weight bearing to Med aspect of foot
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2
Q

The 3 Dynamic Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle:

A

Tib Ant
Tib Post
Fib Longus

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3
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Over use injury
Pain going up/down stairs
Morning Pain
Tender on palpation of Calcaneus

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4
Q

Mms involved with Foot Drop

A

Tib Ant
Ext Hallucis Longus
Ext digitorum Longus
(L4 + L5)

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5
Q

Test for Morton’s Neuroma

A

Squeeze Test

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6
Q

The Inguinal Triangle is made up of:

A

Add Longus
Sartorius
Inguinal Lig

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7
Q

Hip Anteversion=

A

Toe in stance

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8
Q

Which Bursa is related directly to the hip?

A

Iliopectineal (iliopsoas) Bursa

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9
Q

Traction of the hip affects which Bursas?

A

Iliopectineal
Ishiogluteal
Trocanteric
Ischiopubic

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10
Q

Leg Length Discrepancy has an effect on:

A

Posture + bio mechanics

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11
Q

Supine to Sit Test results=

A

Post Pelvic Tilt = Short to Long

Ant Pelvic Tilt = Long to Short

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12
Q

Case Study: Hip + Ant Groin Pain. Worse in the morning and better after walking =

A

Osteoarthritis

Spcl Test = Scouring test (only if unDx’d)

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13
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease PVD/PAD

A
  • Slow progressive circulatory disorder in any BV outside the heart (Aa, Vv, Lymph)
  • Brain, Heart, Legs don’t receive adequate blood flow
  • legs + feet MC affected
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14
Q

Conditions Assoc with PVD/PAD

A

DVT
Varicose Veins
Chronic Venous Insuff.
Lymphedema

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15
Q

S/Sx of PVD

A

50% of peole Dx’d are symptom free

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16
Q

Claudication:

A

MC symptom of PV is Intermittant claudication

= limping b/c of pain in thigh, calf and/or buttocks when walking

“Angina of the legs”
Demand for O2 increases with mvmt = Pain
More severe than this is Critical Limb Ischemia

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17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

PVD/PAD

S/Sx depend on degree blood flow blocked to legs

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18
Q

Critical Limb Ischemia CLI

A

-MOST SEVERE Sx of PVD Via atherosclerosis
- lack of O2 to limb at rest
“Pain at Rest”
Can result in tissue breakdown, ulcers, gangrene
- may include all other types of PVD Sx also

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19
Q

Direction for constipation massage =

A

Clockwise

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20
Q

Vat Test:

Study These Flashcards
A

Tests vert Aa blood flow
Put supine, Passive EXT + ROT of neck (performed in both directions)

+ dizziness, dysphagia, hearing/vision disturbance, syncope, nausea

21
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Signs=

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Indicates that lesion is ABOVE the Ant. Horn Cell (spinal cord, brain stem, motor cortex)
  • increased mm tone (spasticity)
  • Weakness (flexors weaker than extensors in legs / opposite in arms)
  • increased reflexes, up going plantar response, sustained clonus
22
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Signs:

Study These Flashcards
A

Lesion of either in Anterior Horn Cell
Or
Distal to Ant. Horn Cell (Ant horn cell, root, plexus, peripheral nerve)

DECREASED mm Tone
Passive Rot of neck in both directions = dizzy, nausea, syncope, dysarthria, dysphagia, hearing/vision disturbances

23
Q

Klumpke’s Paralysis

Study These Flashcards
A

“Claw Hand”
C8/T1
- Forearm is Supinated, wrist + finger are Flexed
- affects hands + intrinsic mm + flexors of wrists/fingers

*If Horner’s Syndrome is present = Miosis (constrict pupils)

24
Q

Polio/Post Polio

Study These Flashcards
A

Most people don’t have S/sx
If yo do = fever, fatigue, flu-like, stiff neck/back, P in limbs

  • spreads via contact with stool/ droplets of infected person, lives in throat & intestines
  • Attacks Motor Nerves = Paralysis, mm wasting/atrophy, areflexia, mm fasciculations
25
Post Polio
People who had polio develop Post Polio Syndrom years later :( S/Sx = tiredness, new mm weakness, mm + jt Pain No prevention or Cure
26
Sinusitis
- Inflam of mucus lining in nasal passages/ sinus cavities Frontal (behind forehead) Maxillary (behind cheekbones) - largest Ethmoid (behind nose) Sphenoid (behind eyes) Tx = diaphrag breathing, pre facial steam (5mins), prone my press on sinuses
27
Mvmt of Ribs with breath (inspiration vs expiration):
Insp: Ribs 1-6 = "Pump Handle" pull ribs Up + Forwards= increases Anteroposterior diameter (stenum moves with these ribs) Ribs 7-10 = "Bucket Handle" ribs move Up + BACKWARDS Ribs 11-12= "Caliper Action" increases Lat diameter
28
Red Flags for Headaches:
- Neuro Sx/S (altered mental sate, weakness, Diplopia, papilledema, focal Neuro deficits) - Immunosuppression / Cancer - Meningitis - Sudden HA onset after 50 yrs (brain tumor) - Thunderclap HA (severe sudden) - Sx of Giant Cell Arteritis - Systemic Sx (fever, weight loss0 - progressively worsening HA - Red eye / halos around lights
29
For every inch of head forward posture:
It increases the weight of the head on the spine by 10lbs 2x weight/pressure
30
What is Rebound Tenderness:
- Physical sign that may be found when examining the abdomin. - Refers Pain upon REMOVAL of pressure - Indicates possible Appendicitis
31
Define Hemophilia:
Bleeding disorder where normal clotting factors are weak/absent ABSOLUTE CI for Massage
32
Why does Edema occur on Pt's with Chronic Kidney Disease?
1. Heavy loss of protein in urine | 2. Impaired kidney function
33
Define Chronic Kidney Disease
Gradual loss of kidney function Dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes + wastes build in body
34
CI's for Hypertension, why do we have to be careful?
because we increase blood circulation which can increase Intravascular Pressure. Someone with HT already has excess pressure against BV walls
35
Asthma
- Airways narrow, swell, produce excess mucus = Difficulty breathing, coughing, Wheezing, shortness of breath CI's = acute attack, respitory tract infection Allergy induced Occupational Astra Exersize-induced
36
Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Asthma
Extrinsic: Attack are related to irritants + most childhood asthma Intrinsic: No known cause + adult onset
37
Degrees of severity of Asthma: (3)
Mild - occasional wheezing/coughing Moderate - Daily symptoms Severe - daily, nocturnal, absence from work/school, hospital admittance
38
Thrombophlebitis:
Inflam of the wall of a vein with assoc thrombosis, often occurs in legs during preganancy
39
What's the difference btw Emphysema & Chronic Bronchitis
Both are types of COPD that often coexist Emphysema: "Pink Puffer" Bronchitis: "Blue Bloater"
40
Emphysema:
Form of COPD = permanent enlargement of airways / destruction of ALVEOLI - enlarged air spaces called "Bulae" Proteolytic enzymes destroys lung tissue -Mainly caused by smoking, irreversible. "Pink Puffer"
41
Chronic Bronchitis;
Form of COPD, long term cough that lasts for at least 3 months for 2 consecutive years - Inflam/irritation to bhronchioles = mucus that inter fears with breathing Difficult to expel with coughing + perf habitat for bacteria/infection Caused by smoking
42
Postural drainage positions for upper, mid (right), lower lobes:
Upper lobes: seated Right Middle: laying supine with pillow under R thorax + knees Lower: Pt prone, triangle of pillows under hips *diaphrag + segmental & pursed lip breathing + cough coaching
43
Buerger's Disease:
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (aka Buerger's Disease) Recurring progressive Inflam + clotting of sm & med arteries/veins of hand and feet
44
Cor Pulmonale:
- Right Heart failure b/c of long term high BP on Aa and Right Lung Ventricle - Can also be caused by Chronic Long conditions that lower blood O2 levels for long periods (COPD, Cystic Fibrosis, Kyphosis/Scoliosis, Interstial lung disease, sleep Apnea)
45
Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI)
Most severe PVD caused by Atherosclerosis "Pain at rest" Tissue necrosis b/c of lack of O2 = gangrene / ulcers :(
46
S/Sx of PVD:
``` Cold feet Burning aching Pain while lying down, relieved by sitting Pallor when legs are raised Brittle, thin, shiny skin Non healing wounds/ulcers Red/blue extremities Fungal infections ```
47
Upper body Dermatomes:
``` C1 top of head C2 temporal/occipital region C3 neck adn post cheek C4 Sup shoulder & clavical C5 Deltoid + Lat Arm C6 Lat Forearm, thumb, index finger C7 Post Lat Forearm & middle finger C8 Medial forearm, ulna border & ring/little finger T1 Med side of forearm & upper arm ```
48
Lower body Dermatomes:
L1 Back, hip, groin L2 Ant sup thigh, med thigh, above knee L3 Back, Ant thigh + Med knee L4 Lat thigh/knee, ant med lower leg to med big toe L5 Lat knee & Lat lower leg & top of foot
49
Functional Organization of the cerebral cortex (sensory areas)
Primary somatosensory area Primary visual area Primary gustatory Primary olfactory

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