Clinical sciences

Question 1

Adrenaline

Acts on what kind of receptors?

Answer 1

G protein-coupled receptors

Question 2

Insulin

Acts on what kind of receptors?

Answer 2

Tyrosine kinase receptors

Question 3

Atrial natriuretic peptide

?receptor

Answer 3

Guanylate cyclase receptors

Question 4

Chi-squared

Answer 4

Expected vs observed results
Uses categorical variables e.g. eye colour - brown, blue, green

Question 5

Mann–Whitney U test

Answer 5

Non-parametric test
differences between two independent groups when the dependent variable is either ordinal or continuous
e.g. ‘attitudes towards pay discrimination’ and independent variables = ‘men’ and ‘women’

Question 6

Wilcoxon signed rank test

Answer 6

nonparametric test
used to compare two sets of scores that come from the same participants
to investigate any change in scores from one time point to another, or when individuals are subjected to more than one condition

Question 7

What cellular component contains double-stranded circular DNA?

Answer 7

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Normally distributed population
Standard deviation numbers

Answer 8

68.3% of values lie within 1 SD of the mean
95.4% of values lie within 2 SD of the mean
99.7% of values lie within 3 SD of the mean

Question 9

Taller than average
lack secondary sexual characteristics
small, firm testes
infertile gynaecomastia

Answer 9

Klinefelter’s syndrome
karyotype 47, XXY.

Question 10

Cohort study - usual outcome study

Answer 10

Relative risk

Question 11

HLA-B27

Answer 11

Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Acute anterior uveitis

Question 12

HLA-A3

Answer 12

Haemachromatosis

Question 13

HLA-B51

Answer 13

Behcet’s disease

Question 14

HLA-DR2

Answer 14

Narcolepsy
Goodpastures

Question 15

HLA-DQ2/DQ8

Answer 15

Coeliac disease

Question 16

CA19-9

Tumour marker for…

Answer 16

Pancreatic cancer

Question 17

CA15-3

Tumour marker for…

Answer 17

Breast cancer

Question 18

HLA encoded on which chromosome?

Answer 18

Chromosome 6

Question 19

Peroxisome

Job

Answer 19

Catabolism of long chain fatty acids

Question 20

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Job

Answer 20

Translation and folding of new proteins

Question 21

Nucleus

Job

Answer 21

Contains DNA, transcription of RNA takes place here

Question 22

Proteases

Job

Answer 22

Responsible for breakdown of proteins tagged by ubiquitin

Question 23

Lysosomes

Job

Answer 23

Catabolism of polysaccharides and proteins

Question 24

HLA-DR3

Answer 24

Dermatitis herpetiformis
Sjogrens
Primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 25

Genetic abnormality in down syndrome

Answer 25

Nondisjunction

Question 26

Short stature High arched palate Primary amenorrhoea

Answer 26

Turner's syndrome

Question 27

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

MUDPILES Methanol Uraemia Diabetic ketoacidosis Paracetamol, propylene glycol Infection, iron, isoniazid, inborn errors of metabolism Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) Salicylate

Question 28

Mitochondrial inheritance who is affected

Answer 28

Inheritance via maternal line Affected fathers cannot pass on to children Affected mothers pass on to all children poor genotype:phenotype correlation

Question 29

Genetics: Expressivity

Answer 29

Extent to which a phenotype shows it's genotypic expression in an individual

Question 30

Genetics: Penetrance

Answer 30

Genotypic expression in a whole population

Question 31

What molecule does Golgi apparatus add to enzyme to tag it for transport to lysosome

Answer 31

Mannose 6-phosphate

Question 32

Most suitable plot to show publication bias in a meta-analysis?

Answer 32

Funnel plot

Question 33

* First immunoglobulins to be secreted in response to an infection * Fixes complement but does not pass to the fetal circulation

Answer 33

IgM

Question 34

* Enhance phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses * Fixes complement and passes to the fetal circulation * Most abundant isotype in blood serum

Answer 34

IgG

Question 35

Immunoglobulin involved in activation of B cells

Answer 35

IgD