Drugs MoA

Question 1

Clopidogrel/ticagrelor MoA

Answer 1

ADP receptor inhibitor -> P2Y12 receptor antagonist

Question 2

Hydralazine MoA

Answer 2

Old antihypertensive
Increases cyclic GMP leading to smooth muscle relaxation >arterioles than veins

Question 3

Aspirin

Answer 3

Cyclo-oxygenase (1 AND 2) inhibitor

Question 4

Tirofiban/abciximab

Answer 4

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

Question 5

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 5

Cytotoxic
Prevents cross-linking of DNA

Question 6

LMWH

Answer 6

Activation of antithrombin III which inhibits factor Xa

Question 7

Cisplatin

Answer 7

Cytotoxic
Prevents cross-linking of DNA

Question 8

Bleomycin

Answer 8

Degrades preformed DNA

Question 9

Rasburicase

Answer 9

Converts uric acid to allantoin

Question 10

Haloperidol

Answer 10

Block D2 receptors in mesolimbic system

Question 11

Thiazide diuretics

Bendroflumethiazide
Indapamide

Answer 11

Block thiazide sensitive Na-Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule

Potassium loss

Question 12

Loop diuretics

Furosemide
Bumetanide

Answer 12

Block Na-K-Cl transporter in thick ascending loop of Henle

Sodium loss

Question 13

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Spironolactone and epleronone

Answer 13

Aldosterone antagonists

Question 14

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Amiloride, triamterene

Answer 14

Epithelial sodium channel blockers

Question 15

Atypical antipsychotics

Olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, clozapine

Answer 15

D2 receptor antagonists

Question 16

Anti-arrhythemtic drugs: Class I

Answer 16

Sodium channel blockers

Question 17

Anti-arrhythemtic drugs: Class II

Answer 17

Beta blockers

Question 18

Anti-arrhythemtic drugs: Class III

Answer 18

Potassium channel blockers

Question 19

Anti-arrhythemtic drugs: Class IV

Answer 19

Calcium channel blockers

Question 20

Maintaining sinus rhythm post-DC cardioversion

Answer 20

Amiodarone

Question 21

Miragebron

Answer 21

Beta-3 agonist

Question 22

Overactive bladder: first and second line with MoA

Answer 22

1. Anti-muscarinic (oxybutynin - immediate release, tolterodine - immediate release, solifenacin - once daily)
2. Beta-3 agonist: Mirabegron

Question 23

Stress incontinence

Answer 23

1. Pelvic floor exercises
2. Duloxetine (serotonin–norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor)

Question 24

Ropinirole

Answer 24

Dopamine receptor agonist

Question 25

Alteplase

Answer 25

acceleration of plasminogen to plasmin conversion

Question 26

Demeclocycline

Answer 26

ADH antagonist -> inhibits reabsorption of water from collecting ducts Chronic low Na, fluid overloaded

Question 27

Trastuzumab

Answer 27

monoclonal antibody - acts on HER2 receptor

Question 28

Fluorouracil (5-FU)

Answer 28

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (during S phase)

Question 29

Atropine MoA Physiological effects

Answer 29

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist Tachycardia, myadriasis Can trigger acute closed angle glaucoma

Question 30

Ciclosporin + tacrolimus MoA

Answer 30

Decreases IL-2 release by inhibiting calcineurin

Question 31

Sildenafil

Answer 31

phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor

Question 32

Terbinafine (anti-fungal)

Answer 32

inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase

Question 33

Caspofungin

Answer 33

inhibits the synthesis of beta-glucan, a major fungal cell wall component

Question 34

Azoles e.g. fluconazole

Answer 34

inhibit 14α-demethylase which produces ergosterol

Question 35

Dabigatran

Answer 35

direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 36

Varenicline

Answer 36

nicotine receptor partial agonist

Question 37

Amiloride

Answer 37

Blocks epithelial sodium transporter channels

Question 38

Pilocarpine

Answer 38

Muscarinic agonist

Question 39

Flecainide

Answer 39

blocks Nav1.5 sodium channels in heart

Question 40

Bisoprolol

Answer 40

Beta-1 adrenergic receptors blockers in heart muscle

Question 41

Bromocriptine

Answer 41

Dopamine receptor agonist -> used to treat hyperprolactinaemia

Question 42

Drugs exhibiting zero order metabolism

Answer 42

HEAP Heparin Ethanol Aspirin Phenytoin

Question 43

Digoxin

Answer 43

Binds to ATPase pump on same site as potassium

Question 44

Vincristine

Answer 44

Disrupts microtubule formation in metaphase of cell cycle

Question 45

Statin

Answer 45

Inhibit HMG CoA reductase

Question 46

Fibrates

Answer 46

Activation of PPAR alpha receptor resulting in increased activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and reduction in triglycerides

Question 47

apixaban/rivaroxaban

Answer 47

binds directly to factor Xa