Clinical Sciences Flashcards
(36 cards)
A patient presents with confusion, abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, constipation and blue lines on their gum. They drink 4 bottles of wine per week. What is the diagnosis?
Lead poisoning
A patient’s bloods show microcytic anaemia, basophilic stippling and clover leaf red cells. What is the diagnosis?
Lead poisoning
What is the management of lead poisoning?
DMSA - dimercaptosuccinic acid
D-penicillamine
EDTA
Dimercaprol
Which things are raised in anorexia nervosa?
Growth hormone, glucose, salivary glands, cholesterol, carotinaemia, cortisol
What does cyanide do?
Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase which causes cessation of mitochondrial electron transfer chain
A patient presents with brick red skin and can smell bitter almonds. They are hypoxic, hypotensive and confused. What is the diagnosis?
Cyanide poisoning
What is the management of cyanide poisoning?
1) 100% oxygen
2) Hydroxocobalamin
3) Amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate
A 20 year-old female presents with a rash on the extensor aspect of her arms. It is intensely itchy. She gives a history of fatigue and diarrhoea for the last few months, but has been unable to book an appointment until now. Her past medical history includes recurrent chest, urine and ear infections throughout childhood requiring multiple courses of antibiotics. She still occasionally suffers with infections. On examination there is a blistering rash around both elbows. You suspect dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease, and send off a coeliac disease blood test. She is started on a gluten free diet and improves. In the meantime her blood test comes back negative.
What is the reason for the negative coeliac test?
IgA deficiency
How should you test for coeliac in IgA deficiency?
IgG-anti TTG antibodies
How would you screen family members for haemachromatosis?
HFE gene analysis
How would you test the general population for haemachromatosis?
Transferrin saturation
What is the number needed to treat?
The number of people needed to treat to reduce the number of desired outcomes by 1
How do you calculate NNT?
1/Absolute risk reduction
How do you calculate absolute risk reduction?
Control Event Rate-Experiment Event Rate or vice versa
What is control event rate?
Number of control with desired outcome/number of control
What is experiment event rate?
Number of intervention with desired outcome/number of intervention
Which collagen defect is seen in Goodpasture’s?
Type IV
Which collagen defect is seen in Alport?
Type IV
Which collagen defect is seen in osteogenesis imperfecta?
Type I
Which collagen defect is seen in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
Type III and Type V (Type V more classical)
Which phase of the cell cycle is influenced by p53 and determines cell cycle length?
G1
What is Fanconi syndrome?
Global dysfunction of proximal renal tubules leading to impaired reabsorption of key substances
What is lost in urine in Fanconi syndrome?
Glucose, bicarb, potassium, amino acids, uric acid, calcium, phosphate
What are the features of Fanconi syndrome?
Polyuria and polydypsia
Growth failure in children
Muscle weakness
Bone pain/rickets/osteomalacia
Acidosis
