Neurology Flashcards
(20 cards)
In a homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing, where would the lesion be?
Occipital cortex
In a homonymous hemianopia without macular sparing, where would the lesion be?
Optic tract on the contralateral side to the defect
Where would the lesion be in a:
a) Superior quadrantanopia
b) Inferior quadrantanopia?
a) Temporal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
What lesion would cause monocular vision loss?
Optic nerve
What are the causes of bitemporal hemianopia?
Optic chiasm lesion
Upper > Lower = pituitary tumour
Lower > Upper = craniopharyngioma
What causes chorea?
Damage to the basal ganglia, especially the caudate nucleus
What is cushing’s reflex?
Physiological response to increased intracranial pressure
What is the cushing’s reflex triad?
Hypertension, bradycardia and irregular breathing (can cause apnea)
How do you measure cerebral perfusion pressure?
MAP - ICP
A patient presents with right sided leg weakness and numbness. Where is the lesion?
Left ACA
A patient presents with a left homonymous hemianopia, left arm weakness and aphasia. Where is the lesion?
Right MCA
A patient presents with right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing. You show her a pen but they can’t recognise what it is. Where is the lesion?
Left PCA
A patient presents with a a ptosis and ‘down and out’ eye on the left and right sided arm and leg weakness. Where is the lesion?
Left Weber’s (branch of PCA that supplies midbrain)
A patient presents with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the left side of their face. They also have loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right arm and leg. Their gait is ataxic and there is evidence of nystagmus. Where is the lesion?
Left PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Lateral medullary syndrome
A patient presents with right sided facial paralysis and hearing loss. They also have nystagmus and ataxic gait. Where is the lesion?
Right AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Lateral pontine syndrome.
A patient presents after a fall from a tree. Their arm is adducted, internally rotated and their elbow is extended. What is the cause and which nerves are affected?
Erb’s palsy
C5-C6 nerve root
Musculocutaneous, Axillary and Suprascapular Nerves
A patient presented after falling from a tree but he managed to grab onto a branch to break his fall. He has weakness in the intrinsic muscles of his right hand. There is also a loss of sensation in the medial aspect of the right hand and forearm. What is the cause and which nerves are affected?
Klumpke’s palsy
C8-T1 nerve root
Ulnar nerve and part of median
A patient presents after an axillary node clearance. You note winged scapula on examination. What is the cause and which nerves/muscles are affected?
Long Thoracic Nerve Injury
C5-C7
Serratous anterior muscle
A patient presents following a humeral shaft fracture. Which sign are they most likely to exhibit and why?
Wrist drop secondary to radial nerve palsy
