Ophthalmology

Question 1

Which cause of red eye would feature eye pain, haloes, semi dilated pupil and a hazy cornea?

Answer 1

Glaucoma

Question 2

Which cause of red eye would feature a small, fixed, oval pupil with ciliary flush?

Answer 2

Uveitis

Question 3

What is the syndrome that causes miosis, partial ptosis, anhidrosis and enophthalmos?

Answer 3

Horner’s syndrome

Question 4

How does latanoprost help in open angle glaucoma?

Answer 4

Increases uveoscleral outflow

Question 5

What is dorzolamide?

Answer 5

A Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor which decreased the production of aqueous humour in the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.

Question 6

Which conditions are associated with retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 6

Refsum disease
Usher syndrome
abetalipoproteinemia
Lawrence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Alport’s syndrome

Question 7

What is timolol and what does it do?

Answer 7

Beta blocker. Reduces aqueous humour production in the eye.

Question 8

What is the initial management of acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 8

1) Eye drops e.g pilocarpine
2) IV acetazolamide to reduce aqueous secretions

Question 9

What is Hutchinson’s sign?

Answer 9

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus rash on tip of nose. Indicates nasociliary involvement and strong risk factor for ocular involvement.

Question 10

What is herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer 10

Reactivation of VZV in the area supplied by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 11

What is the treatment of HZO?

Answer 11

Oral antiviral for 7-10 days. Topical steroids if secondary inflammation of the eye.

Question 12

What is the first line treatment of blepharitis?

Answer 12

Hot compress

Question 13

What is the first line treatment of open angle glaucoma?

Answer 13

Prostaglandin analog drops e.g latanoprost

Question 14

What causes heterochromia in congenital disease?

Answer 14

Horner’s

Question 15

What is the strongest risk factor for developing age related macular degeneration?

Answer 15

Smoking

Question 16

Which visual defect is a risk factor for open angle glaucoma?

Answer 16

Myopia

Question 17

What is amaurosis fugax?

Answer 17

TIA of the eye. Transient monocular vision loss due to temporary ischaemia of the retina or optic nerve

Question 18

What condition would cause tunnel vision and reduced night vision?

Answer 18

Retinitis pigmentosa

Question 19

What is dacrocystitis?

Answer 19

Infection of the lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct