Clinical Specimens (Handouts)

Question 0

Substances increased with long term exercise

Answer 0

Sex hormones, plasma testosterone, androsterone, aldolase, AST and LD

Question 1

Substances increased with short exercise

Answer 1

CK, AST, LD and platelets

Question 2

Substance increased with fasting

Answer 2

Serum bilirubin

Question 3

Substance decreased with fasting

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

Substances increased with eating (depends on fat content)

Answer 4

Plasma potassium, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, turbidity of serum/plasma

Question 5

Subtances increased with high meat or protein diet

Answer 5

Serum urea, ammonia and urate level

Question 6

Substance decreased with high unsaturated fat to saturated fat diet

Answer 6

Serum cholesterol

Question 7

Substances increased with high caffeine diet

Answer 7

Free fatty acids and catecholamines

Question 8

Substances increased with alcohol diet

Answer 8

Plasma lactate, urate and triglycerides

Question 9

Substances increased with chronic alcohol abuse

Answer 9

HDL, GGT and MCV

Question 10

Substances increased with smoking

Answer 10

Carboxyhemoglobin, catecholamines, cortisol, neutrophil, monocytes and free fatty acid

Question 11

Substances increased with chronic smoking

Answer 11

Hemoglobin conc, erythrocyte count, MCV and leukocyte count

Question 12

Substances increased with prolonged tourniquet application

Answer 12

Serum enzymes, proteins, protein-bound substances, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, hemoconcentration

Question 13

Substances increased from being supine to standing

Answer 13

Proteins, cellular elements

Question 14

Additive in lavender tubes

Answer 14

EDTA or versene

Question 15

Action of lavender tubes

Answer 15

Chelates calcium

Question 16

Uses for lavender tubes

Answer 16

Hematologic assay, lead det. and CEA

Question 17

Action of red tubes

Answer 17

Allows blood to clot

Question 18

Uses for red tubes

Answer 18

Most chemistry, immunologic and BB tests

Question 19

Additives for red/gray or red/black marbled tubes

Answer 19

No anticoagulant, has separator material

Question 20

Action of red/gray or red/black tubes

Answer 20

Allows blood to clot and serves as barrier bet. cells and serum

Question 21

Uses for red/gray or red/black tubes

Answer 21

For most chemistry tests

Question 22

Additive in orange tubes

Answer 22

Thrombin

Question 23

Action of orange tubes

Answer 23

Accelerates clot formation

Question 24

Uses for orange tubes

Answer 24

STAT serum tests

Question 25

Additives for gray tubes

Answer 25

Sodium fluoride, potassium oxalate or iodoacetate

Question 26

Uses for gray tubes

Answer 26

Glucose determination

Question 27

Action of sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate

Answer 27

Inhibits glycolytic enzyme enolase and acts as anticoagulant

Question 28

Action of iodoacetate

Answer 28

Inhibits glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 29

Additive in yellow tubes

Answer 29

Citrate dextrose

Question 30

Action of yellow tubes

Answer 30

Preserves RBCs

Question 31

Uses for yellow tubes

Answer 31

For blood culture

Question 32

Additives in green tubes

Answer 32

Heparin (Na/Li/NH4)

Question 33

Action for green tubes

Answer 33

Inhibits thrombin activation

Question 34

Uses for green tubes

Answer 34

Blood gas det., ammonia, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin

Question 35

Order of draw according to color

Answer 35

Yellow, red, blue, green, lavender, grey

Question 36

Uses for venous blood

Answer 36

Blood chemistry and immunologic studies

Question 37

Most preferred site for venipuncture

Answer 37

Antecubital fossa veins

Question 38

Angle of needle for venipuncture

Answer 38

15 degrees

Question 39

Uses for arterial blood

Answer 39

To measure oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension and blood pH

Question 40

Sites for arterial puncture

Answer 40

Brachial artery, radial artery and femoral artery

Question 41

Needle gauge for brachial artery

Answer 41

18-20 gauge

Question 42

Needle gauge for radial artery

Answer 42

23-25 gauge

Question 43

Needle angle for brachial artery

Answer 43

45-60 degrees

Question 44

Needle angle for femoral artery

Answer 44

90 degrees

Question 45

Anticoagulant used for arterial puncture

Answer 45

Heparin

Question 46

Suitable substitute for arterial blood det. of pH and PCO2

Answer 46

Capillary blood (site must be warmed)

Question 47

Recommended skin puncture site for arterial blood

Answer 47

Ear lobe

Question 48

Best method for arterial blood collection of newborn

Answer 48

Umbilical artery catheter