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PTRS 745 Exam 2 > Clinical Syndromes > Flashcards

Clinical Syndromes Flashcards

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1
Q

Defn: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

A

Progressive eschemia and death of bone cells of the femoral head

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2
Q

Etiology: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

A

Disruption of arterial circulation due to trauma

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3
Q

MOI: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (2)

A
  1. Trauma - falls causing fx and dislocation causing damage to vessels
  2. Non-traumatic - long term corticosteroids, excessive alcohol causing occlusion of vessels
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4
Q

Symptoms: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (4)

A
  1. Pain: groin, prox thigh, glutes, increases with WB
  2. Limited ROM
  3. Axial loading increases symptoms
  4. Limb/Antalgic Gait
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5
Q

Modalities: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (2)

A
  1. Pulsed electromagnetic therapy
  2. Extracoporeal Shock Wave Therapy
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6
Q

TherEx: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (4)

A
  1. Stretch/ROM
  2. Strengthen
  3. Balance
  4. Gait training
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7
Q

Manual Therapy: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

A

Possible glides to facilitate ROM (depending on exam)

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8
Q

Education: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (3)

A
  1. Rest
  2. Limit smoking/drinking/steroid use
  3. Watch cholesterol levels
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9
Q

AD: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

A

Any device to offload the involved bone (femur)

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10
Q

HEP: Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

A

Emphasis on gait and ROM

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11
Q

Defn: Piriformis Syndrome

A

Irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve caused by spasm or contracture of the piriformis muscle

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12
Q

MOI: Piriformis Syndrome (5)

A
  1. Overuse of glutes
  2. Inadequate stretching before/after activity
  3. Poor posture
  4. Prolonged sitting
  5. Trauma
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13
Q

Q: Who is Piriformis Syndrome more common in?

A

Women

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14
Q

Symptoms: Piriformis Syndrome (3)

A
  1. Pain, Numbness, and tingling over buttocks and down back of thigh
  2. Difficulty sitting
  3. Feeling of soreness
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15
Q

Manual Therapy: Piriformis Syndrome (3)

A
  1. Muscle Energy Techniques
  2. ST massage
  3. Myofasical release
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16
Q

TherEx: Piriformis Syndrome

A

Stretching - Figure 4 stretch

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17
Q

Modalities: Piriformis Syndrome (4)

A
  1. Moist Heat
  2. Ultrasound (+ stretching)
  3. Cold pack
  4. E-stim (after exercise/MT)
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18
Q

Education: Piriformis Syndrome (3)

A
  1. Rest
  2. Light and gradual stretching
  3. Posture
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19
Q

Q: What is the bimodal distribution of Femoral Neck Stress Fx?

A
  1. Young and active
  2. Elderly and osteoporotic
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20
Q

T/F: Men are more affected than women by femoral neck stress fx.

A

False, flip it

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21
Q

Defn: Femoral Neck Stress Fx

A

A Fx of the femoral neck that can be classified as either a compression or tension fx and puts the femoral head at a high risk of avascular necrosis

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22
Q

Classifications: Femoral Neck Stress Fx (2)

A
  1. Compression: inferior aspect of femoral neck
  2. Tension: superior aspect of femoral neck
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23
Q

MOI: Femoral Neck Stress Fx

A

Young = trauma

Older = falls/twisting

Typically fx 1-2 inches from the hip joint

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24
Q

Symptoms: Femoral Neck Stress Fx (4)

A
  1. Groin pain with activities
  2. Deep thigh pain
  3. May limp
  4. Pain eases with rest
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25
TherEx: Femoral Neck Stress Fx (3)
Progressive, always with an emphasis on PAIN FREE movement Acute (4-6 wk): NWBing to PWBing Rehab (8-12 wk): FWB, progress from walk to run Maintenance (12+wk): Monitor activities/form, increase distance
26
Manual Therapy: Femoral Neck Stress Fx
Joint mobilization once fx is healed
27
Modalities: Femoral Neck Stress Fx
Ice
28
Education: Femoral Neck Stress Fx
WB restrictions
29
AD: Femoral Neck Stress Fx
Crutches
30
Defn: Pubalgia
Groin pain in athletic individuals withouth inguinal hernia, Pain from pubic symphsis to ASIS, can involves abdominal muscles/tendons/sheaths, inguinal ligament, adductor muscles, gracilis, pectineus, and iliopsoas May also be known as a "sports hernia" (not an actual hernia)
31
Grades of Pubalgia (3)
1 = single/mutliple tears of rectus abdominis or adductor muscles 2 = partial avulsion from pubic symphsis 3. = comples avulsion with micro tears
32
MOI: Pubalgia
Muscular imbalances between abdominals and adductors
33
Symptoms: Pubalgia (3)
1. Insidious onset groin pain 2. Hx of sudden tearing sensation 3. Pulling sensation in groin with activity
34
Education: Pubalgia (3)
1. Warm Up 2. Rest 3. NSAIDS
35
Modalities: Pubalgia (4)
1. Ultrasound 2. E-stim 3. Hot pack 4. Cold pack
36
TherEx: Pubalgia (3)
1. Stretching as tolerated 2. Strengthening (adductors, hip flexors/IR, abs, glutes) 3. Proprioceptive training
37
Manual Therapy: Pubalgia
Transverse friction massage
38
Term: used to describe chronic, intermittent pain accompanied by tenderness to palpation overlying the lateral aspect of the hip
Trochanteric bursitis (TB)
39
Q: What is another name for trochanteric bursitis?
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS)
40
Q: What can GTPS associted with? (4)
1. Tendinitis 2. Muscles tears 3. Trigger points 4. IT band disorders
41
MOI: GTPS (6)
1. Chronic microtrauma 2. Regional muscle dysfunction 3. Overuse 4. Acute injury 5. Obesity 6. Muscle fatigue
42
Q: What's the profile for GTPS? (2)
1. Femal:Male = 4:1 2. 40-60 yo
43
Symptoms: GTPS (3)
1. Persisent pain inthe lateral hip/buttocks 2. Lying on affected side or prolonged standing provokes pain 3. Sit\>stand, stair climbing, high impact probokes pain
44
T/F: PT alone will cure GTPS.
False: need to eliminate the cause (prolonged standing)
45
Education: GTPS
Avoid MOI, side laying, hard surfaces and lose wieght
46
Modalities: GTPS (2)
1. TENS 2. US
47
AD: GTPS
Cusion/pads for protection, insoles if leng length discrepancy
48
TherEx: GTPS (3)
1. Stretching 2. Strengthening 3. Functional exercises
49
MT: GTPS
Manipulations for mobility if needed
50
Symptoms: Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (4)
1. Pain over injured muscle 2. Increased pain with contraction 3. Swelling 4. Loss of strength
51
Q: What muscles are commonly affected in Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (3)
1. Hamstrings (high speed movement) 2. Quadriceps 3. Adductors (socer/ice hockey)
52
MOI: Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (6)
1. Stretched muscled forced to suddenly contract 2. Overstretching/Overuse 3. Fall/direct blow 4. Inadequate warm up 5. Lack of flexibilty 6. Poor posture
53
Grade 1 Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (2)
1. Small tears in fibers 2. Pain but minimal strength and ROM loss
54
Grade 2 Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (3)
1. More fibers torn, but lesion not complete 2. Pain, swelling, and bruisin may occur 3. Compromised strength, but still within NFL
55
Grade 3 Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (2)
1. Most fibers torn, in some cases complete ruptured 2. Movement is difficult, not impossible, but loss of function
56
Education: Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear)
RICE 48 hours after injury
57
Modalities: Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (2)
1. TENS 2. US
58
MT: Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear)
Gentle massage
59
TherEx: Hip Muscular Strain (Pull or Tear) (4)
1. Isometric \> isotonic \> functional 2. Subacute: cycling, treadmill 3. Plyometric training 4. Improve flexibility/posture
60
Defn: Trochanteric Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa located on the superior lateral part of the thigh bone
61
Q: Apart from the greater trochanteric bursa, what is the other major bursa in the hip?
Iliopectineal bursa - front of the hip joint
62
MOI: Trochanteric Bursitis (5)
1. Prolonged pressure 2. Overuse 3. Arthritis 4. Injury 5. Infection
63
Symptoms: Trochanteric Bursitis (3)
1. Pain/tenderness with motion and at rest 2. Pain over outer thigh 3. Difficulty walking
64
Education: Trochanteric Bursitis (2)
1. Explain MOI 2. Identify and change aggravting factors
65
Modalities: Trochanteric Bursitis (4)
1. Ice (Massage) 2. Heat 3. Ultrasound 4. TENS
66
TherEx: Trochanteric Bursitis
Emphasize stretching
67
MT: Trochanteric Bursitis
Mobs to improve motion
68
AD: Trochanteric Bursitis
If a leg discrepancy exists gradually increase the height of the insoles
69
Defn: Baker's Cyst
a fluid filled cyst that causes a bulge and feeling of tightness behind your knee, typically develops in the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa
70
Q: Who is a Baker's Cyst more common in?
Typically unilateral and medial, twice as common in men
71
MOI: Baker's Cyst
Inflammation of the joint can cause an excess of synovial fluid
72
Q: What is the difference between primary and secondary Baker's Cyst?
Primary = no knee pathology Secondary = underlying knee problem
73
Symptoms: Baker's Cyst (4)
1. Swelling 2. Pain with flexion and extension 3. Stiffness 4. Clicking, locking, buckling
74
Modalities: Baker's Cyst
Ice and Compression (RICE)
75
TherEx: Baker's Cyst (2)
1. Strengthening 2. ROM
76
Education: Baker's Cyst (3)
1. RICE 2. Educate about Cause 3. Prognosis
77
Defn: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
A benign traction apophysitis (inflammation of an apophysis) that occurs in the tibial tubercle
78
MOI: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
During periods of rapid growth, stress from repetitive quad contractions is transmitted through the patellar tendon onto the partially developed apophysis Can result in avulsion fx, inflammation of the tendon, and heterotrophic bone formation
79
Symptoms: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease (3)
1. Pain with activities 2. Viisible lump over site 3. Pain with knee extension
80
Q: What is the typical population of Osgood-Schlatter's Disease?
11-18 yo, boys \> girls, typically unilateral
81
Modalities: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
Ice
82
Education: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
1. Avoid aggravating factors 2. Rest 3. Length of recovery (can be 1-2 years)
83
AD: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
Infrapatellar strap
84
MT: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
Patellar glides
85
TherEx: Osgood-Schlatter's Disease (3)
1. SLR 2. Stretching 3. Knee stabilization
86
Defn: Femoral Condyle Injury
Focal articular cartilage defect - osteochondritis dissecans lesion
87
Typical Profile: Femoral Condyle Injury (3)
1. Sports trauma (most common cause) 2. 12-35 yo 3. Males \> females
88
Symptoms: Femoral Condyle Injury (5)
1. Focal tenderness 2. Swelling/Joint effusion 3. Catching 4. Limited ROM 5. Pain with WB
89
Conservative Treatment: Femoral Condyle Injury (4)
1. Bracing 2. ROM/Strength 3. Pt Education 4. Corticosteroid injections
90
T/F: Lateral meniscus injuries happen more often then medial meniscus injuries.
False: Flip It
91
MOI: Meniscus Injury (2)
1. Trauma/Sports (Non-Contact) 2. Degenerative
92
Q: What type of forces can cause traumatic meniscus injury? (3)
1. Compression + rotation 2. Flexion OR extension + rotation during WB 3. Sudden acceleration/deceleration with direction change
93
T/F: Meniscal injuries are associated with cruciate ligament injuries.
True
94
Q: Who typically has degenerative meniscal injuries? (3)
1. \> 40 yo 2. Menisci are stiff and less compliant 3. Minimum to no healing potential
95
Diagram: Identify the types of meniscal injury
A = Bucket handle B = Oblique C = Radial D = Longitudinal E = Degenerative
96
Symptoms: Mensicus Injury (4)
1. Pain 2. Limited extension 3. Hard end feel with extension 4. Locking, giving out
97
Q: What is the healing response of meniscal injuries influenced by? (2)
1. Location 2. Extent of injury/protection
98
AD: Mensicus Injury
Progressive PWB \> WBAT with brace and crutches
99
Modalities: Mensicus Injury
Ice and E-stim
100
MT: Mensicus Injury
Patellar mob
101
Education: Mensicus Injury
WB compliance
102
TherEx: Mensicus Injury
Strengthen quadriceps and hamstrings and ROM
103
MOI: ACL injury
Non-contact: 1. Hyperextension with anterior translation (anterior tilt of femur stretches posterior part of ACL) 2. Sudden deceleration (most commont) Contact: 1. Excessive twisting of the knee or valgus stress on the knee (usually = ACL + other structures)
104
MOI: PCL Injury
Hyperflexion with posterior translation
105
MOI: MCL Injury
Valgus stress
106
MOI: LCL Injury
Varus stress
107
MOI: ACL + medial meniscus
Hyperextension with rotation
108
MOI: ACL + medial meniscus + MCL
Extension, valgus with rotation
109
Symptoms: ACL Injury (6)
1. Knee giving out (#1 complaint of complete or partial tear) 2. Pain, edema, joint stiffness 3. Lack of quad control 4. Gait deviation 5. Pop with MOI? 6. Ability to walk with extended knee (extend of injury)
110
Conservative Treatment: ACL Injury (4)
1. Full extension, quad control 2. Proprioceptive training to max dynamic stability (ligaments major source of proprioception) 3. Sports restriction 4. Risk of developing joint degeneration
111
Presurgical Requirements: ACL Injury (4)
1. Edema control 2. Gain full extension and quad tone 3. Pt. education 4. Quad and Hamstring strengthening
112
Q: What are the options for ACL reconstruction? (2)
1. Bone, Patellar tendon, Bone 2. Hamstring Tendon
113
Rehab: ACL Injury (3)
1. Usually spancs 3-6 mo 2. Protective, rehab, functional phases 3. Return to sport 6-12 mo
114
Modalities: ACL Injury (2)
1. Ice 2. IFC
115
MT: ACL Injury
Patellar mobilization
116
Education: ACL Injury
Protection, importance of exercises, expectation
117
MOI: PCL Injury (2)
1. Forceful posterior translation of tibia ("Dashboard Injury") 2. Falling onto flexed knee
118
MOI: MCL/LCL Injury
Excessive valgus/varus force with planted foot
119
AD: MCL/LCL Injury
Bracing to limit extension and minimize valgus/varus forces
120
TherEx: MCL/LCL Injury
Strengthening, proprioception, functional/agility training
121
Defn: Patellofemoral (PF) pain syndrome
Patellar tracking problem (dislocation)
122
Contributing factors: PF syndrome (4)
1. Anatomical abnormalities: increased Q angle, patella alta, pes planus 2. Muscle weakness: hip ABD/ER, quads (VMO) 3. Flexibility: tight ITB 4. Poor motor control
123
Symtpoms: PF syndrome (4)
1. Anterior/lateral/retro-patellar pain 2. Dull ache 3. Clicking/popping 4. Knee giving out
124
Aggravating Factors: PF syndrome (4)
1. Walking 2. Stair climbing 3. Kneeling 4. Squatting/sit to stand
125
Q: What muscle strength is important to assess with PF syndrome?
Hip
126
AD: PF Syndrome
Patellar taping (for pain control) Bracing (provides stability)
127
Education: PF Syndrome
Activity modification
128
TherEx: PF Syndrome (3)
1. Quad, Hip ABD, Hip ER strengthening 2. Flexibility: ITB, HS, quads 3. Motor control: squatting, landing, running
129
Q: What are other names for patellar tendinopathy?
Jumper's knee
130
Defn: Patellar Tendinopathy
Chronic degeneration of patellar tendon due to overuse and microtrauma Not to be confused with patellar tendinitis (inflammation of the tendon)
131
Q: Where is patellar tendinopathy most common?
Posterior proximal portion of tendon - tender and thickened
132
Contributing factors: Patellar Tendinopathy (4)
1. Lack of flexibility/strangth can resist ROM and increase load on anterior knee 2. High patella/patella alta 3. Overuse 4. Postural alignment, reduced patellar glide, foot structure
133
Symptoms: Patellar Tendinopathy (4)
1. Pain over posterior tendon 2. Mild stiffness after prolonged sitting 3. Pain worse with activity 4. Palpable tenderness
134
Aggravating Factors: Patellar Tendinopathy (2)
1. Jumping 2. Landing
135
Modalities: Patellar Tendinopathy
Ice
136
MT: Patellar Tendinopathy
Friction massage
137
AD: Patellar Tendinopathy
Patellar tendon strap or taping
138
TherEx: Patellar Tendinopathy
Stretching and eccentric strengthening
139
Goal of Treatment: Patellar Tendinopathy
Initially reduce symptoms, then progress strengthening of muscles and quad tendon
140
Defn: IT Band Syndrome
Overuse of the TFL results in pain and inflammation at the outer thigh/knee
141
MOI: IT Band Syndrome (5)
1. Overuse 2. Poor flexibility 3. Muscle imbalances 4. Leg length discrepancy 5. Bowed legs
142
Symptoms: IT Band Syndrome (3)
1. Pain on outer knee/greater trochanter 2. Snapping or popping 3. Swelling
143
Modalities: IT Band Syndrome (3)
1. Ultrasound 2. Iontophoresis 3. Ice
144
MT: IT Band Syndrome
Myofascial release
145
TherEx: IT Band Syndrome
Stretching and strengthening
146
AD: IT Band Syndrome
Shoe orthotic to control gait problem/pelvic tilt/leg length
147
Defn: Osteoarthritis
Worn down cartilage of the end of bones
148
MOI/Risk Factors: Osteoarthritis
MOI: Occurs gradually over time Risk factors: overweight, age, joint injury, joint stress
149
Symptoms: Osteoarthritis (4)
1. Pain and Tenderness 2. Stiffness 3. Loss of flexibility 4. Grating sensation
150
T/F: There is a cure for Osteoarthritis.
False, no cure
151
TherEx: Osteoarthritis
LOW IMPACT stretching and strengthening
152
AD: Osteoarthritis
Orthotics, braces, canes, crutches, walker
153
MT: Osteoarthritis (2)
1. Joint distraction to decrease pain and stiffess 2. Glides to improve ROM
154
Modalities: Osteoarthritis
TENS
155
Q: For tendon issues what type of exercise should you focus on?
Eccentric exercises - decline board more specfically targets patellar tendon with squats progression: bilat \> unilat \> eccentric \> concentric \> PWB \> FWB \> resistance/increased speed
156
Defn: Heel Spur
Bony formation on the medial plantar aspect of the calcaneal tubercle
157
MOI: Heel Spur (3)
1. Stress 2. Inadequate footwear/Poor gait mechanics 3. Prolonged standing
158
Symptoms: Heel Spur (3)
1. Presents in similar fashioin as plantar fasciitis - pain in morning 2. Pain with WB, heel strike, palpation 3. Inflammation of Achilles Tendon
159
Modalities: Heel Spur (2)
1. Ionto 2. Ice massage/moist heat
160
MT: Heel Spur
Deep friction massage Soft tissue mob Manipulation
161
AD: Heel Spur
Shoe modifications: orthotic, heel cup, taping
162
TherEx: Heel Spur (3)
1. Foot stabilization exercises for motor control 2. Strengthening 3. Achilles stretching
163
Defn: Achilles Tendinopathy
Tendinitis or Tendinosis of the Achilles tendon Can be inserstional or non-insertional
164
MOI: Achilles Tendinopathy
Quick repetitive pronation/supination cuasing whipping/twisting effect of Achilles tendon
165
Symptoms: Achilles Tendinopathy (3)
1. Pain stiffness along tendon 2. Increasing pain with activity 3. Thickening of tendon
166
Education: Achilles Tendinopathy
Rest and activity modification
167
Modalities: Achilles Tendinopathy (3)
1. Ionto 2. Ultrasound 3. Ice
168
TherEx: Achilles Tendinopathy
Eccentric strenghtening and ROM
169
MT: Achilles Tendinopathy
PNF stretching
170
Defn: Ankle Sprain
Stretching or tearing of latera/medial ligaments of the ankle joint
171
MOI: Ankle Sprain (2)
1. IR, PF, inverted (rolling foot inward) - 85% 2. ER, DF, everted (rolling foot outward)
172
Education: Ankle Sprain
Resting and NWB
173
Modalities: Ankle Sprain
RICE
174
MT: Ankle Sprain
Acute phase = gentle massage, grade 1-2 mob Grade 3-4 when pain decreases
175
TherEx: Ankle Sprain
Early - limit inv/ever and WB, DF/PF ROM, stretching Late - Isotonic, isokinetic, WB, total ROM including inv/ever, balance Functional - running, jumping, stairs, balance
176
Defn: Functional Ankle Instability
A condition in which pts. experience recurrent sprains and/or a feeling of their ankle "giving way"
177
Symptoms: Functional Ankle Instability
Recurrent ankle sprain and sensation of ankle instability
178
MOI: Functional ankle instability (4)
1. Increased joint flexibility/stiffness 2. Muscular weakness 3. Proprioceptive/balance impairments 4. Delayed peroneal activation time
179
MT: Functional Ankle Instability
Grad 3-4 mob when hypomobile
180
TherEx: Functional Ankle Instability
Balance, proprioception, strengthening exercises
181
Term: a slowly progressive joint disease typically seen in middle-aged to elderly people.
Osteoarthritis
182
MOI: Osteoarthritis (Hip) (5)
1. Aging process 2. Joint trauma 3. Repetitive abnormal stress 4. Obesity 5. Systemic diseases (RA)
183
Symptoms: Osteoarthritis (Hip) (2)
1. Insidious onset of pain anterolateral hip and groin 2. Decreased ROM
184
Aggravating factors: Osteoarthritis (Hip) (5)
1. Standing, walking, or sitting for a long time 2. Squatting 3. Active hip flexion causing lateral hip pain 4. Scour test with adduction causing lateral hip/groin pain 5. Active hip extension causing pain
185
Education: Osetoarthritis (Hip)
Lose weight, yoga, tai chi classes
186
Modalities: Osetoarthritis (Hip)
Thermal agents or ice
187
MT: Osetoarthritis (Hip)
Maneuvers for general mobility and traction manipulation
188
TherEx: Osetoarthritis (Hip)
Stretching, strengthening, endurance, aerobic exercise
189
AD: Osetoarthritis (Hip)
Walking aids and cane
190
Defn: Labral Tear
Tear of the acetabular labrum resulted from excessive forces at the hip joint
191
Symptoms: Hip Labral Tear (5)
1. Pain is usually anterior/groin (90%) 2. Clicking 3. Catching 4. Giving way 5. Stiffness
192
MOI: Labral Tear of the Hip (5)
1. Motor vehicle accidents/slipping/falling (with or without hip dislocation) 2. Sporting activities (that require frequent ER) 3. Forces movements (torsion/twisting, hyperABD, hyperEXT, hyperEXT with ER) 4. Repetitive microtrauma 5. Hip dysplasia (lead to bone abnormalities)
193
Education: Hip labral tear
Limited WB, avoid pivoting (under load with extension)
194
Modalities: Hip labral tear
Ice
195
MT: Hip labral tear
Depending on the PAM examination
196
TherEx: Hip labral tear (5)
1. Optimize control of hip ABD, deep ER, Glute Max and Iliopsoas 2. Correction of dominant participation of quads and hams 3. Correct gait (hyperEXT) 4. Avoid exercises causing hip hyperEXT 5. Avoid weight training of quads and hams
197
AD: Hip labral tear
Crutches and cane in acute phase
198
Defn: What is Legg-Calve-Perthes
Disease casuing decreased blood supply to the femoral head
199
Education: Foot Deformities
Rest, activity modification, shoe wear
200
TherEx: Foot Deformities
Stretching, strengthenin, proprioception
201
MT: Foot Deformities
Massage, mobilization, manipulation
202
AD: Foot Deformities
Orthotics!!
203
Defn: LE Compartment Syndrome
Increase pressure in small fascia compartment due to edema or hypertrophy of muscle
204
MOI: LE Compartment Syndrome
Acute - vascular impairment, fx, soft tissue injury Chronic - bilateral, hypertrophy/overuse
205
Symptoms: LE Compartment Syndrome
Early = pain, swelling Late = paraesthesia, reduced pulse, paralysis
206
Education: LE Compartment Syndrome
Stop painful activity
207
Modalities: LE Compartment Syndrome
Acute - DO NOT ice/elevate
208
MT: LE Compartment Syndrome
Rare, maybe massage or mob
209
TherEx: LE Compartment Syndrome
Stretching, typical post-op recovery
210
AD: LE Compartment Syndrome
Maybe orthotics
211
Defn: Calcaneal Fx
Fx of calcaneous or tarsal
212
MOI: Calcaneal Fx
Most often due to high impact/traumatic events
213
Symptoms: Calcaneal Fx (4)
1. Sudden onset heel pain 2. Swelling 3. Ankle bruising 4. Pain with palpation
214
TherEx: Calcaneal Fx (4)
1. Early ROM 2. Progressive WB 3. Strengthening 4. Gait/Balance training
215
Education: Calcaneal Fx
REST is key
216
MT: Calcaneal Fx
Joint mob, soft tissue massage
217
Modalities: Calcaneal Fx
Ice/Heat, E-stim, Ultrasound
218
Defn: Plantar Fasciitis
Inflammation of the plantar fascia (shock absorber and arch support)
219
MOI: Plantar Fasciitis (4)
1. Overstretch/strain which produces microtears 2. Prolonged standing/walking 3. High arches or flat feet 4. Poor shoe support
220
Symptoms: Plantar Fasciitis (2)
1. Pain and stiffness on the bottom of the foot, slightly anterior to the heel 2. Pain with first steps in the morning
221
Modalities: Plantar Fasciitis
Ice, Ionto, Corticosteriod injections, Ultrasound
222
MT: Plantar Fasciitis
Soft tissue mobilization (myofasical release, massage, etc)
223
TherEx: Plantar Fasciitis
**Stretching**, strengthening, rolling massage
224
AD: Plantar Fasciitis
Foot orthotics or heel cup, strap sock, night splint/brace
225
Education: Plantar Fasciitis
Proper foot wear, avoid aggravating factors
226
Defn: Cuboid Syndrome
Distruption of the arthrokinematics of structural congruity of the calcaneocuboid joint (due to tearing of supporting soft tissue)
227
MOI: Cuboid Syndrome
Trauma (sprain) or repetitive use
228
Symptoms: Cuboid Syndrome (4)
1. Pain on lateral foot 2. Restricted ROM 3. Inflammation 4. Antalgic gait
229
Education: Cuboid Syndrome
Rest
230
Modalities: Cuboid Syndrome
Taping, Ice, Ultrasound
231
TherEx: Cuboid Syndrome
Stretching, Strengthening, Proprioception
232
MT: Cuboid Syndrome
Cuboid whip and cuboid squeeze
233
AD: Cuboid Syndrome
Orthosis, Cuboid padding

PTRS 745 Exam 2 (12 decks)

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