Orthotics

Question 1

Q: What is the largest bone of the foot?

Answer 1

Calcaneus

Question 2

Q: What bones form the arches of the foot?

Answer 2

Cuboid, navicular, and cuneiforms

Question 3

Term: Arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and ankle

Answer 3

Instep

Question 4

Content: Metatarsalgia

1. Description
2. Main symptoms
3. Onset

Answer 4

1. Sharp, short pain between toes near the MT heads
2. Pain with walking/running
3. Insidious

Question 5

Content: Treatment for Metatarsalgia

Answer 5

MT head pad - place inside 1st-5th MT head at same angle as MT heads

Question 6

Content: Planatar Fasciitis

1. Description
2. Daily Cycle
3. If left untreated

Answer 6

1. Inflammation of the plantar fascia
2. Night/Morning = stiff from being in a shortened position;

Day = stretched out/relaxed

3. Become chronic and requires surgery

Question 7

Q: What is the most important part of plantar fasciitis treatment?

Answer 7

Pt. Compliance

Question 8

Content: Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis (4)

Answer 8

1. Deep massage several times a day
2. Stretching includes toes
3. Ice massage
4. Night splint

Question 9

Q: Who is most susceptible to achilles tendonitis?

Answer 9

30-45 yo (middle aged) men

Question 10

Q: What aspect of a shoe can be changed for Achilles tendonitis?

Answer 10

The CANT (make it less than 90 degrees) or add a heel lift

Question 11

Q: What is the CANT of a shoe?

Answer 11

The angle of the back of the shoe compared to the ground

Question 12

T/F: Having a pronated or supinated foot effects the position of the Achilles Tendon.

Answer 12

True - runs in a curved motion

Question 13

Q: Excess pronation in toe off puts compression on what part of the ankle?

Answer 13

Lateral

Question 14

T/F: Excessive pronations can cause achilles subluxation.

Answer 14

False: Peroneal

Question 15

T/F: The more pronated the ankle the more prone to achilles and peroneal tendonitis.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Q: What is the most common type of ankle sprain?

Answer 16

Lateral

Question 17

Q: What type of shoe/orthotic is used with grade 2 or 3 ankle sprains?

Answer 17

Lateral posting

Question 18

Content: Early and Often treatment for Ankle Sprain (7)

Answer 18

1. Ice
2. Compression
3. Elevation
4. 90 Degrees
5. WBAT
6. Early motion as tolerated
7. Heel strike to toe off regardless of the amount of motion

Question 19

Q: A supinated foot is more prone to what two injuries?

Answer 19

Lateral sprain, Achilles tendonitis (?)

Question 20

Q: Where do stress fx in the foot typically occur?

Answer 20

5th MT

Question 21

T/F: Pronation is a normal movement of the mechanics of the ankle.

Answer 21

True, but not an excessive amount

Question 22

T/F: A pronated ankle results in a smaller Q angle, causing the patella to ride up medially.

Answer 22

False, larger, laterally

Question 23

Content: Rigid Orthotics

Answer 23

1. Difficult to adjust
2. Cover 3/4 of the length of the foot
3. Movement only occurs at MT heads
4. Do not allow for normal full foot motion

Question 24

T/F: A cushion for the shoe provides arch support.

Answer 24

False, if any is provided it is due to the shape of the midsole of the SHOE, not the insert

Question 25

Q: What type of orthotics allows support and kinematic movement of the arches?

Answer 25

Semi Rigid

Question 26

T/F: The purpose of orthotics is to put the foot in a position that can not be attained through natural movement.

Answer 26

False an orthotic should never position the foot in any position that cannot be attained through natural movement

Question 27

Defn: Pump Bump

Answer 27

Calcification under the achilles tendon

Question 28

Defn: Turf Toe

Answer 28

Sprain to the ligaments around the big toe joint

Question 29

Content: Treatment for Turf Toe

Answer 29

Carbon fiber plate or taping

Question 30

Q: Who are bunions more common in?

Answer 30

Women or those who push off medial foot

Question 31

Q: When do men and women's feet stop growing?

Answer 31

Men = 18-19 Women = 16

Question 32

Content: Describe the following types of shoes 1. Neutral 2. Stability 3. Motion Control

Answer 32

1. EVA all over, if arch support is added provide support but don't stop pronation 2. Medial and hind foot have been built up 3. For pronated/flat foot, more stability on the mid foot

Question 33

Content: What to look for when buying shoes (3)

Answer 33

1. Should feel like your not wearing a shoes 2. Shouldn't need to break them in 3. SIZE - use your bigger foot, want half to full size larger (feet swell throughout day)

Question 34

Content: Shoe Drop

Answer 34

1. Normal drop is 10-12 mm 2. Barefoot running drop is 0-4mm

Question 35

Q: What is the supposed advantage of bare foot running

Answer 35

Strike more on forefoot \> better posture \> less respiratory effort

Question 36

T/F: Shoes correct over pronation

Answer 36

False: can stop you from excessive crushing the medial shoe, but would require an orthotic to address the over pronation