Clinicals: Chapter 21

Question 1

antibodies are called __

Answer 1

immunoglobulins

Question 2

__ is associated with circulating antibodies that fight infection

Answer 2

humoral immunity

Question 3

an acute, contagious respiratory infection is called __ or rhinitis

Answer 3

coryza

Question 4

infections that are acquired from the hands of health care professionals are known as __ infections

Answer 4

nosocomial

Question 5

__ is a medical term meaning freedom from any infectious material

Answer 5

aseptic

Question 6

diseases that are carried by animals or insects are spready by __ transmission

Answer 6

vector

Question 7

gram-negative __ cause infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis in health care settings

Answer 7

bacilli

Question 8

viral infections are difficult to treat. most of the care provided is designed to relieve symptoms and is known as __ treatment

Answer 8

plliative

Question 9

when there is a sudden outbreak of disease or an __, the CDC investigates the cause and methods of control

Answer 9

epidemic

Question 10

the overuse or misuse of antibiotics has been linked to the emergence and spread of microorganisms which have developed __ to them, rendering treatment ineffective and posing a serious risk to public health

Answer 10

resistance

Question 11

diseases that are easily spread by contact with an infected person are known as __

Answer 11

communicable

Question 12

__ is the liquid that comes from your respiratory tract when you cough

Answer 12

sputum

Question 13

__ represents one of the several measures that can be taken to implement infection control

Answer 13

isolation

Question 14

contact with blood should be avoided because __ are common causes of disease processes

Answer 14

bloodborne pathogens

Question 15

medications administered other than orally are considered __ medications

Answer 15

parenteral

Question 16

__ is a feeling of weakness, overall discomfort, illness, or simply not feeling well

Answer 16

malaise

Question 17

__ are microscopic living organisms that are capable of causing illness and disease

Answer 17

microorganisms

Question 18

__ is sever itching of the skin

Answer 18

pruritus

Question 19

two types of immune responses

Answer 19

1. cell mediated - usually involved in attacks against viruses, fungi, organ transplants, or cancer cells
2. humoral - a result of the stimulation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells to produce antibodies

Question 20

5 stages of infectious disease

Answer 20

1. incubation - time between exposure with no symptoms
2. prodromal - general complaints of illness
3. acute - period of illness
4. acme - peak of disease
5. declining - symptoms subside

Question 21

4 items that are considered PPE

Answer 21

1. gloves - reduce risk of contamination to the hands
2. masks/eyewear - reduce contamination to mucous membranes
3. gowns - protect clothing from contamination
4. goggles - protect the eyes

Question 22

what factors influence the host’s susceptibility?

Answer 22

1. number and specific type of pathogen
2. duration of exposure to the pathogen
3. general physical condition
4. physiological health status
5. occupation or lifestyle environment

Question 23

the use of biologic agents such as pathogenic microorganisms to do damage to a society is considered __

Answer 23

bioterrorism

Question 24

people, equipment, supplies, and food and water are considered which part of the chain of infection?

Answer 24

reservoir

Question 25

a person that is capable of contracting a pathogenic organism is called __

Answer 25

susceptible host

Question 26

what is the body's first line of defense?

Answer 26

intact skin

Question 27

the most important aspect of infection control is __

Answer 27

hand washing

Question 28

the portal of exit is a part of the chain of infection. the best description of the portal of exit:

Answer 28

the method by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir

Question 29

the steps that must be followed to allow the spread of infectious disease is __

Answer 29

chain of infection

Question 30

if an employee has suffered an occupational exposure, how long must that medical record be kept?

Answer 30

the length of employment plus 30 years

Question 31

the step in the infection cycle when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host

Answer 31

portal of exit

Question 32

examples of a reservoir in the infection cycle

Answer 32

reservoir

Question 33

What type of precautions are used with all patients and include; hand washing, gloves, and mask?

Answer 33

standard precautions

Question 34

Which medical asepsis process uses various chemicals that can destroy many pathogenic microorganisms?

Answer 34

disinfection

Question 35

Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels of health?

Answer 35

declining

Question 36

When handwashing with antimicrobial soap and water is not available, which method can be used?

Answer 36

alcohol-based hand rub

Question 37

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following the administration of vaccines?

Answer 37

artificial active immunity

Question 38

stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever?

Answer 38

prodromal

Question 39

Practices such as hand washing, general cleaning, and disinfectant are all part of which of the following?

Answer 39

medical asepsis

Question 40

types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?

Answer 40

artificially acquired passive

Question 41

Who is credited with the first vaccine to protect against smallpox?

Answer 41

Jenner

Question 42

Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection?

Answer 42

hospitalized patients

Question 43

describe a portal of exit

Answer 43

excretions and secretions

Question 44

describe how to inhibit bacterial growth

Answer 44

keep surfaces dry and clean

Question 45

what is considered an antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Answer 45

MRSA

Question 46

the order of occurrence of the infection cycle

Answer 46

1. infectious agent 2. reservoir host 3. portal of exit 4. means of transmission 5. portal of entry 6. susceptible host

Question 47

What do we add on to standard precautions when a contagious disease is suspected __

Answer 47

transmission based precautions

Question 48

causes athlete’s foot and ringworm

Answer 48

fungi

Question 49

examples are protozoa and metazoa

Answer 49

parasites

Question 50

identified by characteristic shapes

Answer 50

bacteria

Question 51

intracellular parasites larger than viruses

Answer 51

rickettsiae

Question 52

requires a living cell for reproduction

Answer 52

virus

Question 53

applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care professionals

Answer 53

standard precautions