clinpara unit 4 protozoans

Question 1

amoeba is characterized by the presence of what kind of extrusions from what part?

Answer 1

hyaline-like extrusions from the ectoplasm

Question 2

all amoeba are commensals except?

Answer 2

entamoeba histolytica

Question 3

4 stages of amoeba life cycle?

Answer 3

trophozoite
pre-cystic stage
cystic stage
metacystic stage

Question 4

what is encystation?

Answer 4

when the trophozoite transforms into a cyst

Question 5

what is excystation?

Answer 5

when the cyst transforms into a trophozoite

Question 6

entamoeba histolytica is common where?

Answer 6

tropical areas with poor sanitation

Question 7

true or false: e. histolytica is a pathogenic amoeba

Answer 7

true

Question 8

pathogenecity of e. histolytica is reflected where?

Answer 8

in its ability to cause invasive intestinal amoebiasis and extraintestinal amoebic infections

Question 9

habitat of e. histolytica?

Answer 9

large intestines

Question 10

e. histolytica virulent stage?

Answer 10

trophozoite

Question 11

final host of e. histolytica?

Answer 11

man

Question 12

mode of transmission of e. histolytica?

Answer 12

ingestion of mature cyst

Question 13

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: progressive aggresive motility

Answer 13

trophozoite

Question 14

what direction and manner does the e. histolytica trophozoites move?

Answer 14

rapid directional with hyaline, fingerlike pseudopodia

Question 15

what stage is the motile stage of e. histolytica?

Answer 15

trophozoites

Question 16

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: round with thin cell wall

Answer 16

cyst

Question 17

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: evenly distributed peripheral chromatin

Answer 17

cyst

Question 18

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: mononucleated

Answer 18

trophozoites

Question 19

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has hematophagia

Answer 19

trophozoite

Question 20

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: karyosome is centrally located

Answer 20

both

Question 21

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has chromatoidal bar

Answer 21

cyst

Question 22

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: vegetative or feeding stage

Answer 22

trophozoite

Question 23

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: 10-20um in size usually 12-15um

Answer 23

cyst

Question 24

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: 12-60um usually 15-20um

Answer 24

trophozoites

Question 25

what is the shape of the chromatoidal bar of the e. histolytica cyst?

Answer 25

cigar shape sausage shape rod shape coffin shape with rounded ends

Question 26

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has cytoplasm

Answer 26

trophozoite

Question 27

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has 4 nuclei

Answer 27

cyst

Question 28

what is the appearance of the e. histolytica trophozoites

Answer 28

finely granular, ground-glass appearance

Question 29

how is the chromatin distributed in the e. histolytica cyst?

Answer 29

evenly distributed peripherally

Question 30

how to diagnose e. histolytica?

Answer 30

DFS concentration technique culture media stains serological tests

Question 31

non-pathogenic lumen dweller?

Answer 31

entamoeba coli

Question 32

mode of transmission of entamoeba coli?

Answer 32

ingestion of cyst form contaminated water or food

Question 33

e. coli cyst or trophozoite: 15-50um (20-25um)

Answer 33

trophozoite

Question 34

e. coli cyst or trophozoite: 10-35um (15-25um)

Answer 34

cyst

Question 35

e. coli cyst or trophozoite: spherical/ oval

Answer 35

cyst

Question 36

appearance of karyosome of the e.coli cyst?

Answer 36

octonucleated with eccentric and large karyosome

Question 37

what is the movement of the e.coli trophozoite?

Answer 37

sluggish, nondirectional with blunt and granular pseudopodia

Question 38

what is the appearance of the chromatin of trophozoite in e.coli?

Answer 38

unevenly arranged and clumped peripheral chromatin

Question 39

appearance of cytoplasm in e.coli trophozoite?

Answer 39

granular and usually vacuolated, contains debris

Question 40

chromatoidal body of the cyst of e.coli?

Answer 40

splinter shaped with rough, pointed ends

Question 41

what kind of chromatin does the e.coli cyst have?

Answer 41

peripheral chromatin is coarsely granular or clumped unevenly distributed

Question 42

protozoans characterized by the presence of whip-like locomotory organ?

Answer 42

flagellates

Question 43

under what phylum were flagellates in old and new?

Answer 43

old: phylum sarcomastigophora new: phylum metamonada

Question 44

what are the flagellates with no cyst stage?

Answer 44

trichomonas vaginalis trichomonas hominis dientamoeba fragilis

Question 45

where is giardia duodenalis usually found?

Answer 45

soil, food, water that has been contaminated with feces

Question 46

what is the sample for g. duodenalis

Answer 46

foul smelling diarrhea with excess fat and mucus but no blood

Question 47

what is the pathology of g duodenalis?

Answer 47

similar to amebiasis and bacterial diarrhea travelers diarrhea, gay bowel syndrome epigastric pain, flatulence, fat malabsorption

Question 48

diagnosis of g duodenalis?

Answer 48

routine stool exam entero test duodenal aspirate exam immunoassays tissue biopsy molecular testing

Question 49

dientamoeba fragilis is originally described as?

Answer 49

ameba

Question 50

d. fragilis trophozoite and cyst description?

Answer 50

1-2 nuclei nuclear membrane has no peripheral chromatin

Question 51

karyosome of d. fragilis has howm any granules

Answer 51

4-6 discrete granules

Question 52

MOT of d. fragilis?

Answer 52

fecal oral conveyed in helminth eggs ingestion of trophozoites or eggs

Question 53

true or false: d. fragilis is usually asymtopmatic

Answer 53

true

Question 54

common symptoms of d. fragilis?

Answer 54

intermittent diarrhea with excess mucus

Question 55

diagnosis of d. fragilis?

Answer 55

DFS not detected by concentration techniques fixation with PVA or Schaudinn's fixative

Question 56

what form does trichomonas vaginals exist as?

Answer 56

pear shaped or pyriform

Question 57

diagnosis of t. vaginalis

Answer 57

urinalysis vaginal discharge, scrapings cervical smear seminal, prostatic fluid exam fluorescent staining culture immunoassays molecular testing

Question 58

what are the non pathogenic flagellates?

Answer 58

pentatrichomonas (trichomnonas) hominis trichomonas tenax chilomastix mesnili

Question 59

what is the only ciliate and largest of the protozoans that parasitize humans

Answer 59

balantidium coli

Question 60

true or false: balantidium coli infection is never asymptomatic

Answer 60

false, it isd mostly asymptomatic