Clotting: DVT Flashcards
DVT (32 cards)
A physiologic process in which blood is converted from a liquid to a semisolid gel
Clotting
the physiologic process where blood changes from a liquid to a semisolid gel to stop bleeding and maintain vascular integrity.
clotting
Intact coagulation system
Normal PT, PTT, INR, fibrinogen, and platelet count
Trauma, injury, or vessel damage
antecedents for clotting
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation
Activation of the coagulation cascade
Formation of an insoluble fibrin clot
attributes of normal clotting
Immobility
Cancer
Central lines
Genetic clotting disorders (e.g., Factor V Leiden)
Smoking, obesity
increase the risk of hypercoagulability (excess clotting)
Hemophilia
Liver disease
Vitamin K deficiency
Use of anticoagulants
Thrombocytopenia
risk of hypocoagulability (bleeding)
Unilateral leg swelling, redness, warmth
Calf tenderness or pain
Prominent superficial veins
Possible PE symptoms (e.g., SOB, chest pain)
signs of developing DVT (hypercoagulability)
Easy bruising
Prolonged bleeding
Joint swelling (hemarthrosis)
Bleeding after minor injuries
signs of hypocoagulability (e.g., Hemophilia)
Monitor swelling, warmth, pain
Compare limb circumference
Check bleeding sites and bruising
Monitor PT, INR, aPTT, platelets
nursing assessments for clotting imbalance
Elevate limb
Apply compression stockings
Administer anticoagulants
Encourage ambulation after stabilization
nursing interventions for DVT
Administer clotting factor replacement
Avoid trauma/injury
Apply pressure to bleeding
Educate on bleeding precautions
nursing interventions for Hemophilia
How is DVT related to the clotting concept?
DVT reflects excessive clotting, where thrombi form in deep veins due to hypercoagulability and stasis.
How is Hemophilia related to the clotting concept?
Hemophilia is a deficiency in clotting, caused by missing factors VIII or IX, leading to prolonged bleeding.
refers to thrombus formation in deep veins, usually in the thigh or calf, and sometimes in the arm with central lines.
DVT
Thrombus forms due to stasis or hypercoagulability. It may originate with phlebitis or form without inflammation (phlebothrombosis).
Pathophsyiology of DVT
Central lines, IV catheters, repetitive motion (Paget–Schroetter syndrome), or compression from tumors or bone abnormalities.
causes upper extremity DVT
Why is a propagating thrombus dangerous?
It can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE).
Reopening of the vein after DVT. Lack of __________ within 6 months can lead to postthrombotic syndrome.
recanalization
Swelling, warmth, pain, and tenderness in the affected limb. Superficial veins may appear more prominent. May present first as PE.
clinical manifestations of a DVT
A severe form of DVT with massive swelling, pain, and tissue ischemia, leading to potential venous gangrene
What is phlegmasia cerulea dolens?
Chronic venous insufficiency, pulmonary emboli, varicosities, venous ulcers, and venous gangrene.
complications of venous thrombosis
Through physical assessment and diagnostic tests like CBC, PT, aPTT, INR, and duplex ultrasound.
how a DVT is diagnosed
Early ambulation, leg exercises, compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression devices, and prophylactic heparin.
DVT prevention
Prevent thrombus extension, PE, recurrence, and postthrombotic syndrome
treatment goal of DVT
