exam 1 study guide

Question 1

DVT risk factors

Answer 1

obesity
aging people
immobility
post OP patients

Question 2

develops shortness of breath, the clot has moved and call for help becasue it is a

Answer 2

pulmonary Embolism

Question 3

what is pt got sent home and they had a history of DVT, they got prescribed warfarin, they have bruising, unusual bleeding, should they go back to the hospital?

Answer 3

C. Advise the patient to go to the emergency department immediately.

CHECK THE PT AND INR

Question 4

in the hospital what’s another med that can be given for DVT?

Answer 4

Enoxaparin
Heparin

Question 5

The amount of swelling in the extremity can be determined by measuring the circumference of the affected extremity at various levels ___________ and comparing one extremity with the other at the same level to determine size differences. If both extremities are swollen, a size difference may be difficult to detect.

Answer 5

(i.e., thigh to ankle) with a tape measure

Question 6

should patients have skin discoloration for enoxaparin ?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

are massages allowed for patients with a DVT?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

is caused by a genetic defect, PRESENT AT BIRTH

Answer 8

hemophilia

Question 9

List three home safety measures for patients with severe hemophilia.

Answer 9

Avoid contact sports

Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor

Wear medical ID jewelry

childproof the house, if it crawls and falls have them on carpet

Question 10

wheezing in asthma is pretty common but if you assessed the pt at start of shift and theres no wheezing

Answer 10

Status asthmaticus

call PCP

Question 11

Episodic, reversible airway obstruction resulting from bronchospasms,
increased mucus secretions, and mucosal edema

Answer 11

asthma

Question 12

if the patients asthma is controlled can they still play sports ?

Answer 12

yes. taught to use a meter dose inhaler 15 minutes prior

Question 13

exercised induced asthma use a

Answer 13

meter dose inhaler

Question 14

what oxygen setting would you start with COPD ?

Answer 14

1 to 3 liters a min

Question 15

COPD education would consist of

Answer 15

teaching the patient and family about activity and rest alternating between the two.

Question 16

if a patient starts having more than 3 of the symptoms like headaches, vision changes, or gastric pain they are going to have siezures

Answer 16

gestational hypertension

Question 17

trachea fistula both ends of the esophagus are not connected, abnormal opening between trachea and esophagus. any fluid going in will go into the lungs, if you suspect

Answer 17

elevate bed, NPO until testing done

Question 18

explaining to parents about what it is? abnormal opening between the esophagus and trachea that you cannot feed baby until testing is done and prevents fluid getting into the lungs

Answer 18

trachea fistula

Question 19

pt has dyphagia, speech therapist does a swallow study. bed is elevated, if they are at risk have a suction at bedside

Answer 19

aspiration pnuemonia

Question 20

giver oxygen to the patient give them cool humidified oxygen, transmitted by contact, like daycare or in a family. teach handwashing to everyone

Answer 20

RSV

Question 21

chest pain nitro give them transdermal patch- the nurse needs to wear gloves. if they have chest pain, sit them down and give nitro.

Answer 21

angina

Question 22

nitro sublingual under the tongue until it dissolves

theres a spray up to 3 doses in 15 minutes. after third and chest pain is present, go to the ER call DR>

Answer 22

angina

Question 23

PVD, if you cant palpate pulses, use a

Answer 23

doppler

Question 24

heart failure lab value review

Answer 24

BNP

Question 25

refers to any conditions that affects the vascular system outside the brain and heart. It includes PAD peripheral artery disease which specifically refers to damaged or inflamed arteries.

Answer 25

PVD

Question 26

equipment used for PVD

Answer 26

sequential pressure device

Question 27

– formation of plaque within arterial wall / lumen – Leading contributor to coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Answer 27

Atherosclerosis

Question 28

Hypertension * ↑ LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) * ↓ HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) * Toxins in blood – Renal failure – Carbon monoxide * Aging * Obesity * Physiologic disorders: – Diabetes mellitus * Familial hyperlipoproteinemia s / hyperlipidemia * Sedentary lifestyle * Smoking * Stress

Answer 28

risk factors for CAD

Question 29

Cholesterol screening, all adults > 20 years * History * If low risk / no risk factors identified: – Total serum cholesterol screen every 5 years * If high risk / multiple risk factors identified: – Full lipid panel – Lifestyle modifications x 3 months – If lipoprotein levels do not improve, medications prescribed to lower cholesterol and / or triglycerides

Answer 29

frequency of screening

Question 30

Called “silent killer” * HTN is defined as a sustained BP that is 130 mmHg or higher and 80 mmHg or higher diastolic. * Diagnosis should be made after 3 or more consistent BP readings.

Answer 30

hypertension

Question 31

Modifiable: – Tobacco/alcohol use – Excess dietary sodium – Elevated serum lipids – Obesity – Sedentary lifestyle – Stress – DM 2 Non-modifiable: – Age – Gender – Family history – Ethnicity – Socioeconomic status – DM

Answer 31

hypertension

Question 32

left sided heart failure right sided heart failure

Answer 32

lungs edema